tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56330372024-03-10T02:46:44.300+00:00Reassembler - Emulation & DecompilationReassembler: Touching The Metal ..... Emulation, Decompilation, Hacking, Old Skool Gamingythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.comBlogger177125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-66573713039286574132021-04-12T15:19:00.005+01:002021-04-12T17:27:18.144+01:00Ripping Sega System 16 Sprites & Palettes: A Brief Guide<p>I recently updated and released the source code to <a href="https://github.com/djyt/system16_sprite_viewer">Sega Sprite Viewer</a>. This tool allows you to view the contents of sprite roms from many popular Sega games of the era. </p><p>Hardware that (should) be supported includes:</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b>Sega Hang-On Hardware</b> (including Enduro Racer & Space Harrier)</li><li><b>Sega System 16</b> (Golden Axe, Altered Beast, Shinobi etc.)</li><li><b>Sega System 18</b> (Moonwalker, Shadowdancer etc.)</li><li><b>Sega OutRun</b> (including Super Hang-On)</li><li><b>Sega X-Board</b> (AfterBurner, Thunderblade etc.)</li><li><b>Sega Y-Board</b> (Power Drift, G-Loc etc.)</li></ul><p></p><p><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Part 1: Viewing Sprites</h3><p>Let's take an example System 16 game, in this case <b>Altered Beast</b>. First up, we can establish the configuration of the sprite roms by looking at the MAME System 16 driver <a href="https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segas16b.cpp">here</a>. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDq-dcbWTY2sHtBTtoZ9s7VDJ_o20cDMC_3n_W5lotLfhMKANp9fwjpY4e3xKu1Ue2MkKA0QVyV35ysssiHkRFmAs5DMw1iVs1lxK0kam_od80pT7r3290Nm1-MJJAjMPHkyGU/s830/mame_source.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="542" data-original-width="830" height="449" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDq-dcbWTY2sHtBTtoZ9s7VDJ_o20cDMC_3n_W5lotLfhMKANp9fwjpY4e3xKu1Ue2MkKA0QVyV35ysssiHkRFmAs5DMw1iVs1lxK0kam_od80pT7r3290Nm1-MJJAjMPHkyGU/w687-h449/mame_source.png" width="687" /></a></div><div><br /></div>We can see the sprite roms listed above in the highlighted yellow section. We can also see how these are configured in memory. The first step is to copy the sprite roms into their own directory. These should be referenced by creating an XML configuration file for the sprite viewer called <b>altbeast.xml</b>.<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKIDB3IzH2d9QZMj_Tka6ClMM4HV8IlAU9E0CmqkeB5tzBSFYCk0XIgIA0NNP3xwrqJTO65lQUhH55VpLVBEHdvF12XqTz5IsKjFq1cqQ-axE43BAk6cL8uQnQg3HXLNv41HBD/s675/rom_setup.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="189" data-original-width="675" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKIDB3IzH2d9QZMj_Tka6ClMM4HV8IlAU9E0CmqkeB5tzBSFYCk0XIgIA0NNP3xwrqJTO65lQUhH55VpLVBEHdvF12XqTz5IsKjFq1cqQ-axE43BAk6cL8uQnQg3HXLNv41HBD/s16000/rom_setup.png" /></a></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Format 0 specifies System 16 sprite format. </li><li>This example places the sprite roms in a sub-directory named <b>roms/altbeast/</b> </li><li>The offset and length of the files are configured to match the MAME driver.</li><li>You can view <a href="https://github.com/djyt/system16_sprite_viewer/blob/main/res/config/altbeast.xml">the final configuration file here</a> for reference. </li></ul><div>Now we can load the sprites into the viewer by passing the name of our XML file as a command line argument: <br /><span style="font-family: courier;">s16_viewer altbeast.xml</span></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG6Q7XLT-fdKdzixC0PMl0x48zDXqWNCFK_XZZmpHDStMqWUxbb64D5WQHlBWUMnLWg5hcFS2_yMm30q9V1lrTyy9CFhsGNvHiUkYCdAwFBXV6ovPzE1DXcu5z0ImgzgLa3mhy/s398/sprite_viewer_1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="368" data-original-width="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG6Q7XLT-fdKdzixC0PMl0x48zDXqWNCFK_XZZmpHDStMqWUxbb64D5WQHlBWUMnLWg5hcFS2_yMm30q9V1lrTyy9CFhsGNvHiUkYCdAwFBXV6ovPzE1DXcu5z0ImgzgLa3mhy/s16000/sprite_viewer_1.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Everything looks good. And you could stop here if you wanted. But you might be curious as to why the graphics are greyscale...</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Part 2: Extracting Palettes</h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The sprite roms themselves don't contain colour palette information, or in fact anything particularly useful beyond the raw pixels. Palettes are contained in the actual 68k CPU program code. The process for extracting the palette is different on a per-game basis. But the general principles remain the same. Here, I'll discuss how I extracted the palette data for Altered Beast.<br /><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBG-mIV_gQMsQvo0t7NJI1w4KnpXkCp6bomm3yHmesTZsHcc1Zjk0wXmyo_1ewhODoxfKGWde8ILBdI1xkvmmz26sUGobc2kw7LwHerPCmbhC-joSCPLbML8HbZTykNw0XHB8i/s320/altbeast.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBG-mIV_gQMsQvo0t7NJI1w4KnpXkCp6bomm3yHmesTZsHcc1Zjk0wXmyo_1ewhODoxfKGWde8ILBdI1xkvmmz26sUGobc2kw7LwHerPCmbhC-joSCPLbML8HbZTykNw0XHB8i/s0/altbeast.png" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><h4 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Establish the location of Palette RAM</h4>Altered Beast is a System 16 based game. For System 16 games, the location of palette RAM is allocated dynamically at run-time by the Sega 315-5195 Memory Mapper. (Note, that other Sega hardware titles will configure the location of palette RAM differently - the point is that it's a sensible first step to determine its location).</div><div><br /></div><div>Using the MAME debugger we can view the configuration of the memory mapper once the game is running:</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEVq3AnXZFC_JltPJPEO0IrcS0mIv7q0hQ_0UQ3cREwgTOQohO9qjHM1Q5wQL9KfEMUKhBu3QObI7zLFfOyA1f56Z0AjA9O50U72QOurDeQu0sz8JmcKAX0C7eci9eBpsUPsZZ/s571/mame_memory_mapper.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="193" data-original-width="571" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEVq3AnXZFC_JltPJPEO0IrcS0mIv7q0hQ_0UQ3cREwgTOQohO9qjHM1Q5wQL9KfEMUKhBu3QObI7zLFfOyA1f56Z0AjA9O50U72QOurDeQu0sz8JmcKAX0C7eci9eBpsUPsZZ/s16000/mame_memory_mapper.png" /></a></div><br /><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>View the 315-5195 Memory Mapper m_regs configuration.</li><li>The yellow highlighted value ($84) at offset $1d contains the details we are interested in.</li><li>This value is left shifted by $10, giving us the location of palette RAM: <b>$84</b>0000</li><li>Often the sprite palette is at offset +$800 within the palette RAM. Therefore $840800. (I know this part through pattern recognition, but it can also be established from decompiling the code further, as we shall see later.)</li></ul><div>I can sanity check $840800 is the right location for sprite palettes by filling its contents with garbage whilst the game is running.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoDh2GOpf45LWSlCztR_mxd-_qKivOX6sR53OZrfyzAUUR9brFMn2gbfCfAoKDn3JosP36dKVY-jPPKVN9jT70QlbhwOyymWyfpMtUYGANSX1H2AKfW0HPu-wxcSFsfediia4N/s891/mame1_sprite_ram.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="271" data-original-width="891" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoDh2GOpf45LWSlCztR_mxd-_qKivOX6sR53OZrfyzAUUR9brFMn2gbfCfAoKDn3JosP36dKVY-jPPKVN9jT70QlbhwOyymWyfpMtUYGANSX1H2AKfW0HPu-wxcSFsfediia4N/w604-h184/mame1_sprite_ram.png" width="604" /></a></div><br /><div>Here, I've filled the fast part of RAM with the value "$1111" repeatedly. As you can see from the circled sprites, these have lost their palette information and are rendered as black silhouettes.</div><div><br /></div><div>Now, we could just save the contents of palette RAM at $840800 into a file and load that directly in the sprite viewer. However, this wouldn't contain <i>all </i>the palettes the game uses - only the ones loaded into memory <i>at this moment in time</i>. Therefore, it wouldn't be particularly comprehensive. We would find that many palettes were missing.</div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Establish where Palette RAM is populated from</h4><div>If we can establish where the palette RAM is populated from within the code, then we are highly likely to locate the data table containing all the palette information. We can set a memory watch point at $840800. This will informs us when palette RAM is written to, and the part of code responsible for this.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-_DHQIw4RbjTkm1mEJ9YtgmC02iDjn-7N6OAgo1cnR2O1xks1b786Fz7oxtUX4ZSpKHaWoGjlIDVtgYZtIKS3fm1PkYKj8qSDilOdu4LK7xX6sH1pPZpBk-eK9Ds0Ogp4lX7a/s862/mame2_wp.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="862" height="361" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-_DHQIw4RbjTkm1mEJ9YtgmC02iDjn-7N6OAgo1cnR2O1xks1b786Fz7oxtUX4ZSpKHaWoGjlIDVtgYZtIKS3fm1PkYKj8qSDilOdu4LK7xX6sH1pPZpBk-eK9Ds0Ogp4lX7a/w631-h361/mame2_wp.png" width="631" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">I've set a watchpoint at $840800-$840804. Whenever a value is written to this address program execution halts. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">We can now view this section of code that copies data into sprite palette RAM in more detail in the MAME disassembler. I've annotated this with some comments, in green, on the right hand side. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPe3l0OxzdA4jtptcWIEwY6qJPNGfc7FSQxHEwaUE_wJj8-yVHPdUI6-ZUTtEVA9InrigaLJY2K71pFAv2d6DG5-4XrN0-BtICQ0PSy-i9CVNH71gB1AEjk7fabRT3rdtPn9mp/s802/mame3_copyroutine.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="251" data-original-width="802" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPe3l0OxzdA4jtptcWIEwY6qJPNGfc7FSQxHEwaUE_wJj8-yVHPdUI6-ZUTtEVA9InrigaLJY2K71pFAv2d6DG5-4XrN0-BtICQ0PSy-i9CVNH71gB1AEjk7fabRT3rdtPn9mp/w632-h198/mame3_copyroutine.png" width="632" /></a></div><br />The main takeaways from this section of code are as follows:<br /><div style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Address register <b>A2 </b>points to a table of address information containing the source address in ROM and destination address in palette RAM to move the values between.</li><li>Address register <b>A0 </b>is loaded with the source address. (a location in the program ROM)</li><li>Address register <b>A1 </b>is loaded with the destination address. (sprite palette RAM)</li><li>It should be noted that <i>28 bytes</i> are copied, <i>not the full 32 bytes</i> required by sprite hardware. This is important palette format information we will need later.</li></ul><div>Now we can step through this routine to get some clues as to where the palette data is originally located. However, as all addresses are setup from address register <b>A2</b>, we need to mine deeper into the code still, to establish where this table of pointers is first configured. </div><div><br /></div><div>By watching the memory location specified by <b>A2</b>, we can work our way back to the following program code:</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvYzcITxztzB-vRWCTvpwJnLeLcSC7AsSIrJYIYcirBdAbNWNrfNnLWe0Oa02eJuKr1vJiuJh2n9ntPgz0SQ_8txwzyBHHUsJQDAOB7MueH2tGUIgOvkNQaotjDXliNvdUPVyp/s802/mame4_setuproutine.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="260" data-original-width="802" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvYzcITxztzB-vRWCTvpwJnLeLcSC7AsSIrJYIYcirBdAbNWNrfNnLWe0Oa02eJuKr1vJiuJh2n9ntPgz0SQ_8txwzyBHHUsJQDAOB7MueH2tGUIgOvkNQaotjDXliNvdUPVyp/w652-h211/mame4_setuproutine.png" width="652" /></a></div><br /><div>From this section of code we can not only establish where the first palette entry is stored in rom, but also the total number of entries. This key points are as follows:</div><div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>A byte is used (0-255) as an index into the table of entries. So we can assume that the palette table contains 255 entries max (highlighted in yellow and loaded to <b>D0</b>).</li><li>This routine specifies <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b>$242a0</b></span> as the first sprite palette entry (highlighted in yellow and loaded to <b>A1</b>). </li><li>We established each entry was 28 bytes previously. This means the table is <span style="color: #800180;"><b>$1be4</b></span> in length (28 bytes * 255 entries).<br /></li></ul></div></div><p style="text-align: left;">This gives us the final solution to our puzzle. We know where all the palette entries are first stored, before palette RAM is even accessed. We also know how many entries are in the table. <br /><br /></p><h4 style="text-align: left;">Save the Palette table to a Binary file</h4><div>We can now save the palette as follows using the MAME debugger:</div><div><span style="font-family: courier;">save altbeast.pal, <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b>0x242a0</b></span>, <span style="color: #800180;"><b>0x1be4</b></span>, 0</span></div><div><span style="font-family: courier;"><br /></span></div><div>This can be added to our sprite viewer XML configuration as follows:</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-ATsq08WtpMfRXhrA_UNH0jP_Yd5FRG9KrwP3mwNcOfRrHiG3POgh2utUShuqj2blIHcyOLryQ7wV1uXRvLYOdr8J_VSuxo8GqBIsHKhYOL_NG6R5TNIdHn3bcE7meDsKzwdQ/s655/pal_setup.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="49" data-original-width="655" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-ATsq08WtpMfRXhrA_UNH0jP_Yd5FRG9KrwP3mwNcOfRrHiG3POgh2utUShuqj2blIHcyOLryQ7wV1uXRvLYOdr8J_VSuxo8GqBIsHKhYOL_NG6R5TNIdHn3bcE7meDsKzwdQ/s16000/pal_setup.png" /></a></div><br /><div><div>We specify the number of bytes per entry, and the fact that the palette data is offset by 1 word when displayed by hardware. Essentially, the sprite hardware expects 32 bytes per entry, but the first and last words are not populated in the palette data.</div></div><div><br /></div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Viewing the Palette</h4><div>Finally, we can load the sprite data and view it in glorious colour by cycling through our 255 palettes. One limitation is that we still have no way of automatically connecting a palette to a sprite. This information is also contained in the 68k program code and is unique on a per-game basis.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfRvK0BRYwYNo5EUoFWhPllGqZ3yQjtoeXZqw7f-6Dgo2cAVpQvFZuroZw1qo3HBxmvKpf19YBQ26QqK56AWSks456HQDW2lxo9zWSkVuCVd3W7n4mngZsKfwFw4mvA5RwkbwM/s642/sprite_viewer_2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="642" data-original-width="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfRvK0BRYwYNo5EUoFWhPllGqZ3yQjtoeXZqw7f-6Dgo2cAVpQvFZuroZw1qo3HBxmvKpf19YBQ26QqK56AWSks456HQDW2lxo9zWSkVuCVd3W7n4mngZsKfwFw4mvA5RwkbwM/s16000/sprite_viewer_2.png" /></a></div><br /><div>I hope this has been informative! If you successfully create both a palette and configuration file, let me know and I'll add them to the source code repository. </div></div></div></div>ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-23273568534389751762021-03-15T20:28:00.005+00:002021-03-15T20:28:48.131+00:00CannonBall V0.31 - Maintenance Release<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVtvwB4ljpBs7kgEyUQ0kd6ZygbN0aLdVUV-_ju_YpufO6YPit5f-PvBNE2LvvXmCqBD1fDD0op2sEEeLg-GuzoOdJGxu49oLUNvyQmKvnE9OY3cNTHQy4OMlspOpyvbdmSkwL/s840/687474703a2f2f322e62702e626c6f6773706f742e636f6d2f2d6e34625f3167636c472d6b2f555a49474b304c42776c492f41414141414141414171342f6c4876536c44756642516b2f73313630302f6c6f676f5f6261636b67726f756e642e706e67.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="204" data-original-width="840" height="123" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVtvwB4ljpBs7kgEyUQ0kd6ZygbN0aLdVUV-_ju_YpufO6YPit5f-PvBNE2LvvXmCqBD1fDD0op2sEEeLg-GuzoOdJGxu49oLUNvyQmKvnE9OY3cNTHQy4OMlspOpyvbdmSkwL/w508-h123/687474703a2f2f322e62702e626c6f6773706f742e636f6d2f2d6e34625f3167636c472d6b2f555a49474b304c42776c492f41414141414141414171342f6c4876536c44756642516b2f73313630302f6c6f676f5f6261636b67726f756e642e706e67.png" width="508" /></a></div><br /><p><a href="https://github.com/djyt/cannonball/releases">This release</a> focuses on upgrading the libraries and compilation tools CannonBall uses, as I hadn't maintained the codebase in a number of years. Most of these changes will be invisible to most users. Right now, I'm trying to get the house in order as opposed to add lots of wild new features! :)</p><p>The most exciting news is the upcoming SmartyPi support, but until the hardware is released, that's kind of a mute point!<br /><br /></p><p><b>Changes:</b></p><p>[audio] Audio updates at the correct rate and resolves the longstanding issue with music and sound being very slightly 'off'</p><p>[roms] ROMs are now read by CRC 32 value. Filenames no longer matter - so long as they are present they can be renamed to anything.</p><p>[roms] Fixed expected Z80 rom file length</p><p>[controls] Start Button behaviour less 'sticky' and buggy</p><p>[controls] Analog axis for accelerate and brake can now be configured via the in-built menu system</p><p>[menu] Reduced delay when scrolling through menu with analog controls</p><p>[config] ROMs and save data can be relocated to separate locations</p><p>[bug fix] Time Trial mode no longer crashes if used as the first mode played</p><p>[timing] Code tries to use V-Sync for timing OR internal timing, as opposed to both at once</p><p>[source] SDL 2 used by default. SDL 1 removed from codebase. This appears to have fixed compatibility bugs for some people</p><p>[source] Added compatibility for upcoming SmartyPi hardware (Pi 4 based) to run on original arcade hardware</p><p>[source] A general clean-up in many areas</p>ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-52932472390700073362020-05-29T13:56:00.002+01:002020-10-23T18:47:05.397+01:00Sega X-Board Memory Test Software<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
A set of ROM images to test the RAM ICs and custom chips on Sega X-Board hardware (AfterBurner, Thunderblade etc.). It is more robust than the on-board tests and stands a better chance of running on a dead boardset.<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>It <i>does not</i> require working main RAM to actually run the main RAM test.</li>
<li>Remove all sub CPU EPROMs when installing (IC 20, IC 29 etc), as these interfere with the results.</li>
<li>It requires a vanilla 68K CPU to be installed, not the FD1094 security processor present on some X-Board games.</li>
<li>The palette will be incorrect when used on games other than AfterBurner. But it should still operate correctly. </li>
</ul>
<br />
This was not previously released, because I hadn't verified the IC labeling on hardware. However, a number of people have already used this software to successfully fix PCBs. Therefore, I figured I should get this out there and address problems as they are reported.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
This is based on the <a href="http://www.aaldert.com/outrun/memtest.html">OutRun Memory Test</a>. The modified (and messy) source code is available <a href="https://github.com/djyt/xboard_memtest">here</a>. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The compiled ROM images can be downloaded <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/11TD7nGJGWsiE35wfj18Pl85JAnPfRKIs/view?usp=sharing">here</a>. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMDnVhFYtILYbrrshxVdbWW8HjWIgfG1_cOH3p1zRfPdDybwazqL-c_XkrlhN3uM31BHuXycd7QGCatnbtJeRXjCdi0QyMdVN17C5DgCulZoouDC_JbGkeZDj7X1bxPYWOB_9T/s1600/0000.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMDnVhFYtILYbrrshxVdbWW8HjWIgfG1_cOH3p1zRfPdDybwazqL-c_XkrlhN3uM31BHuXycd7QGCatnbtJeRXjCdi0QyMdVN17C5DgCulZoouDC_JbGkeZDj7X1bxPYWOB_9T/s1600/0000.png" /></a></div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-88219910043818479742020-04-29T19:00:00.000+01:002020-05-22T12:04:49.971+01:00OutRun: Enhanced Edition 2.02<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy4Yn9Nd1OctBaH_lY6zCGQgu03MSGnGLPNRuZaQatm_5aoD2GgWl6kMJPTSpXDmTHo0nib5FDtca0M0IRfHPuXTRThZxFQi5cFeW0hs1yABTvk3zPEYJ6excKLrsFbAM1jjMq/s1600/clipart82212.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="263" data-original-width="786" height="107" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy4Yn9Nd1OctBaH_lY6zCGQgu03MSGnGLPNRuZaQatm_5aoD2GgWl6kMJPTSpXDmTHo0nib5FDtca0M0IRfHPuXTRThZxFQi5cFeW0hs1yABTvk3zPEYJ6excKLrsFbAM1jjMq/s320/clipart82212.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #0b5394;">OUTRUN: ENHANCED EDITION V2.02</span></b></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br />
<b>OutRun: Enhanced Edition is a set of 7 replacement EPROMs intended for use on original OutRun arcade hardware. </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJV6kM4iU9H-Xt60w5YKyKskiCfkcPvTjY_C83s8OXBBNgvhtg9u5x-WGn39x6CmrY4JY_jubQk2Pjle4Z_f3-hYUsocS91bQDIvEg8qSSuP7X48xPrfISILVPcFSXwbNaaeD5/s1600/settings_new_courses.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="223" data-original-width="320" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJV6kM4iU9H-Xt60w5YKyKskiCfkcPvTjY_C83s8OXBBNgvhtg9u5x-WGn39x6CmrY4JY_jubQk2Pjle4Z_f3-hYUsocS91bQDIvEg8qSSuP7X48xPrfISILVPcFSXwbNaaeD5/s200/settings_new_courses.png" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3N-kPhXnr-2T7tAI1HzqLdyyOE9tqSDid9L8Fn4y-NOI3M7UHDhD0psO3-agEzm_FBcDVVpNNKpvDA-6JqMM8qCNSdBranUdPcB2xNp-F0vamH2JZ6i3y-TVIRqM-eLSq84s8/s1600/0030.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="320" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3N-kPhXnr-2T7tAI1HzqLdyyOE9tqSDid9L8Fn4y-NOI3M7UHDhD0psO3-agEzm_FBcDVVpNNKpvDA-6JqMM8qCNSdBranUdPcB2xNp-F0vamH2JZ6i3y-TVIRqM-eLSq84s8/s200/0030.png" width="200" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlkv15vYuavdYYT63ypSCuQmhmpFT_h1MxJlOgp2eF-BMuLQE0pSEzUygu6VtZcm8bu3APbXpkvqnq12zanlEthn6Z8tk8ig33Ql5RE_v_29CL_aHp5djRUxts1T_-MBADgOpV/s1600/0025.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="320" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlkv15vYuavdYYT63ypSCuQmhmpFT_h1MxJlOgp2eF-BMuLQE0pSEzUygu6VtZcm8bu3APbXpkvqnq12zanlEthn6Z8tk8ig33Ql5RE_v_29CL_aHp5djRUxts1T_-MBADgOpV/s200/0025.png" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6TyfOjzOoJnX9IaNcMYO5-HDDtANK9X3GuJ5k9aS8wEhyphenhyphenGiCnevvlfXqWaf6MBRGqjbiqF7ml9cPqQOGLuIq2bc0xkUKXNJNQ9EItYryTRC6OyMi53afqhXdtgjiCYh1F9BK6/s1600/0021.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="223" data-original-width="320" height="139" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6TyfOjzOoJnX9IaNcMYO5-HDDtANK9X3GuJ5k9aS8wEhyphenhyphenGiCnevvlfXqWaf6MBRGqjbiqF7ml9cPqQOGLuIq2bc0xkUKXNJNQ9EItYryTRC6OyMi53afqhXdtgjiCYh1F9BK6/s200/0021.png" width="200" /></a></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b>It fixes many bugs present in the final official codebase (Rev. B), and introduces new features to extend the life of the game, including: </b><br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Working Free Play Mode</li>
<li>High Score Saving</li>
<li>Additional High Score tables</li>
<li>3 additional in-game audio tracks</li>
<li>Best Track Time (aka ‘Lap Time’) records</li>
<li>New and old course layouts</li>
<li>Software DIP Switch support</li>
<li>Cheats - including infinite time and the ability to disable traffic</li>
<li>Optional car handling modifications</li>
</ul>
<br />
<b><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uKobbHD5BnZsD4K-kLIuTNwiELcWuuQKmBYV3ZFIlzQ/edit"><span style="font-size: large;">Full documentation and installation instructions</span></a></b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCGh1qE4Xvdi5UHBuFSX4snn743iZn6cXayfCHDdCAViAx5AzMvQ78o9r4SS5SDRQcS0FqO6fznO8c2t75WYO5gYnlmTGTyJvrt-B6XJ1Thgk3Ogda4G7XSe1E3O0udCZcBAIp/s1600/outrun_ics.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="407" data-original-width="500" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCGh1qE4Xvdi5UHBuFSX4snn743iZn6cXayfCHDdCAViAx5AzMvQ78o9r4SS5SDRQcS0FqO6fznO8c2t75WYO5gYnlmTGTyJvrt-B6XJ1Thgk3Ogda4G7XSe1E3O0udCZcBAIp/s320/outrun_ics.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<b>To register:<br />1/ <a href="https://forms.gle/TgeTNNacV7vDGmDo8">Complete this form</a></b></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<b>2/ <a href="https://www.justgiving.com/fundraising/outrunappeal">Consider an optional charity donation</a></b></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
</div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-69948390947790691392020-03-08T19:46:00.000+00:002020-03-08T19:46:00.436+00:00Space Harrier: The protection strikes back!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i>This is a guest post from <a href="https://twitter.com/cmonkey69">Adrian Smethurst</a>. </i><br />
<br />
It was back in January 2015 when I first started looking into the Space Harrier code on reports of a ‘bug’ which gave the player ‘extra' lives when they lost a life. This ‘bug' only affected the game when played in either MAME, on an Enduro Racer converted board or a bootleg Space Harrier board. It turns out that it wasn’t a bug but rather a time delayed protection mechanism created by Sega to try and hit the arcade operators, who bought bootleg Space Harrier boards back in the mid 80’s, in the pocket. <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2015/01/space-harrier-protection-mechanism.html">You can read more about that here</a>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt1r7X0Ft6gZ4x_555gD2F6RKvpIcrS72LBGrknqIQdgY3efqOvWVJjOip72XSRCMApfVWfSmdm_Z-foepBv2lXko3LgaaS6JN1-uy0mXu9zHydU8cX1VJCSqJiJhLxEL7o7VE/s1600/i8751.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="767" data-original-width="1500" height="327" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt1r7X0Ft6gZ4x_555gD2F6RKvpIcrS72LBGrknqIQdgY3efqOvWVJjOip72XSRCMApfVWfSmdm_Z-foepBv2lXko3LgaaS6JN1-uy0mXu9zHydU8cX1VJCSqJiJhLxEL7o7VE/s640/i8751.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Space Harrier PCB with Intel 8751 Microcontroller</span></b></div>
<br />
Fast forward 5 years and a conversation I was having with respected indie game dev and creator of Fortress Craft, Adam Sawkins (ex. Criterion and Codemasters) about Space Harrier, at Arcade Club Leeds. He asked me why, after the game had been powered up for a while, the enemy shots would start to come at the player faster and faster, to the point where you’d need lightning quick reflexes to simply avoid them. He also told me that a reboot of the game would reset the enemy shot speed back to normal again, for a short while. Hearing this news immediately sent my mind drifting off to a time 5 years previously when I’d investigated (and presumably fully defeated) the time delayed protection in Space Harrier.<br />
<br />
So that night I went home and stated looking further into the Space Harrier code…<br />
<br />
The heart of the protection is built around the ‘in-game’ timer. This is a 6-byte timer located at address $40020 in main CPU address space. The first 4 bytes of the timer represent the ‘seconds’ of in-game time played and the final 2 bytes represent the sub-second (frame) timer. The timer is reset to zero at the start of each new game. The timer is only incremented during normal gameplay, attract mode gameplay doesn’t increment the timer. Every vertical blank the sub-second timer is incremented and compared with a value of 61 (yes, it’s a bug!). If the sub-second timer is greater than 61 then it’s reset to zero and the ‘seconds’ part of the timer is incremented. This means that, due to the bug, 1 second on the ‘in-game’ timer is actually 62 frames of gameplay, rather than 60. The code that increments the ‘in-game’ timer is at address $1514 (it also updates the power-on timer located at memory address $40000 at the same time).<br />
<br />
During every frame of normal gameplay code at address $4aae checks if the ‘in-game’ timer is at a multiple of $200 (this should, in theory, have been every 512 seconds but due to the bug mentioned above is actually every 529 seconds) and if it is the following code is executed :-<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;"><span style="color: #666666;">004ACC:</span> move.w $12444e.l, D0 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;"><span style="color: #666666;">004AD2:</span> move.w $404ee.l, D1</span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;">; d0 and d1 never seems to contain a value other than 0 after many hours of gameplay testing</span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;"><span style="color: #666666;">004AD8:</span> eor.w D1, D0 <span style="color: #38761d;">; d0 = d1 XOR d0 </span> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;"><span style="color: #666666;">004ADA:</span> cmp.w $40090.l, D0 <span style="color: #38761d;">; compare d0 with value at $40090.w</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;"><span style="color: #666666;">004AE0:</span> blt $4af0 <span style="color: #38761d;">; branch if d0 < contents of $40090.w</span></span><br />
<br />
If the 'branch less than’ condition is false (i.e. IF d0 < contents of the word memory @ $40090) then<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;"><span style="color: #666666;">004AE4:</span> addq.w #1, $4008e.l <span style="color: #38761d;">; trigger ‘previously unknown’ protection</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;"><span style="color: #666666;">004AEA: </span>addq.w #1, $400f0.l <span style="color: #38761d;">; trigger the 'increase lives' protection</span></span><br />
<br />
When I was investigating the protection routine 5 years ago I completely failed to consider the first of these 2 instructions and only concentrated my efforts on investigating the second one. This is because, at the time, I’d only been made aware of the ‘increasing lives’ issue. So at the time I worked backwards from the ‘number of lives' counter to find out what was increasing the number of lives. From there my investigations led me back to the instruction at address $4aea. At that point I wrongly assumed that the ‘increasing lives’ issue was the only side effect of the protection routine.<br />
<br />
How wrong I was…<br />
<br />
The word value at address $4008e is directly related to the game difficulty. It’s a value that's set initially by the boot-up code reading the ‘difficulty’ settings from dip switch B and is set as follows :-<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">EASY/MEDIUM 0</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">HARD 1</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">HARDEST 2</span><br />
<br />
The code which does this is at address $2d7c. This value is then subsequently used as part of the calculations in the routine which handles the enemy shots at address $b9d2. It’s easy to tell that that routine handles enemy shots as if you change the first word of the routine from $08ed to $4e75 (RTS) the enemies will no longer fire shots at the player during gameplay. The higher the value at address $4008e, the faster the enemy shots head towards the player.<br />
<br />
Ordinarily the difficulty value at address $4008e would NEVER change after boot, assuming the game code is running on a genuine Space Harrier board with the 8751 MCU present.<br />
<br />
However, as you can see from above, the instruction that I completely ignored 5 years ago, INCREMENTS that value (and hence the difficulty level) every 529 seconds of in-game play.<br />
<br />
What this effectively means is this - if you power up the board from cold, ensure the difficulty setting on dip switch B is set to EASY and complete the game (assuming roughly 18 minutes for a full playthrough, although I have seen people complete the game in around 17 minutes) then the difficulty will be at the HARDEST level by the time the game completes.<br />
<br />
And it will keep getting harder for each 529 seconds of completed ‘in-game’ time. This is because the value at $4008e is only reset by either rebooting the game or dropping in and out of service mode. It ISN’T reset at the start of each new game.<br />
<br />
It’s very easy to see the results of a higher value at address $4008e by simply changing it via the MAME debugger and playing the game. Values of 6 and above (which would represent just 3 or 4 full playthroughs from starting on EASY difficulty) make the game almost impossible to play as the enemy shots head towards the player with such high velocity..<br />
<br />
Taking a step back, I feel it’s likely that the 8751 MCU probably exposes a value of 1 at address $40090 (it could in theory be any value between 1 and $7fff for the conditional branch instruction at address $4ae0 to pass but 1 is the most likely value, IMHO). The updated patch has been added to the <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2011/08/outrun-enhanced-edition.html">Sega Enhanced package here</a>.<br />
<br />
I hope that this finally lays to rest the protection in Space Harrier.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-61935449748156683162020-03-06T16:03:00.000+00:002020-03-06T16:03:04.089+00:00Build Your Own HangOn Cab: Dorimaga Papercraft Model<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Here's another model from <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/search/label/dorimaga">Dorimaga's Papercraft series</a>. This time, Vol 2 - <b>HangOn</b>!<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1jJognBnG9ETWBOa60zOBxIZmB9uYV_iK"><b>High resolution versions available here</b></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-LxXKg3d5IHsqR2uBqUlab8M3ZPb8IM0LHg_BA6F1qWHprgd01dcslVOD5LYmIyz4LviOWRISh3-lrmoPCfYbd0Kptlg-Z2qOm2SBRIk5Y2ZAn8OU1ODcGQXRagTqMt05twtY/s1600/page1_preview.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1286" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-LxXKg3d5IHsqR2uBqUlab8M3ZPb8IM0LHg_BA6F1qWHprgd01dcslVOD5LYmIyz4LviOWRISh3-lrmoPCfYbd0Kptlg-Z2qOm2SBRIk5Y2ZAn8OU1ODcGQXRagTqMt05twtY/s640/page1_preview.jpg" width="514" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe2hbrAOMI7USvCpTUIpdPyyNYUu-cabJa34tD_cpk7WdhIaMMUJ6Pold-BcBlUHE7l5XxSLkSHKAeYcqDUoLcM8dxTkgW2m0__yMBIVlrCpISL6jOvD8_9vxZStxRYM0J8X8O/s1600/page2_preview.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1274" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe2hbrAOMI7USvCpTUIpdPyyNYUu-cabJa34tD_cpk7WdhIaMMUJ6Pold-BcBlUHE7l5XxSLkSHKAeYcqDUoLcM8dxTkgW2m0__yMBIVlrCpISL6jOvD8_9vxZStxRYM0J8X8O/s640/page2_preview.jpg" width="508" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsn14Z-RwYioiTGuXZeMUVhXvcNo01vzyW3IId3FX8HWLflwiFpUBPSWDTw7JAlhu4CEbdTV98IoiSV-DLS7O4e6A5ayq8CucaC-20OF5xAIHF17-S7g-PeFBviuKNgp3sy3Nu/s1600/page3_preview.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1125" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsn14Z-RwYioiTGuXZeMUVhXvcNo01vzyW3IId3FX8HWLflwiFpUBPSWDTw7JAlhu4CEbdTV98IoiSV-DLS7O4e6A5ayq8CucaC-20OF5xAIHF17-S7g-PeFBviuKNgp3sy3Nu/s640/page3_preview.jpg" width="450" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcwdDg5cW1UhSNuXSEr2Zm1lt5Viid7d-Tm_gHbNUDhuBQPlRKbYb_lN9MHmub0HrmcPxrUW2BIVtiIHckpslmE44HLOXdlJwU3vRNsTcIFuOA9rCBHT-Tna_LK5VoPh_vpdm0/s1600/page4_preview.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcwdDg5cW1UhSNuXSEr2Zm1lt5Viid7d-Tm_gHbNUDhuBQPlRKbYb_lN9MHmub0HrmcPxrUW2BIVtiIHckpslmE44HLOXdlJwU3vRNsTcIFuOA9rCBHT-Tna_LK5VoPh_vpdm0/s640/page4_preview.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
<br /></div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-62015862357148306742020-02-29T21:32:00.002+00:002020-02-29T21:45:46.390+00:00Bringing Turbo OutRun Audio to OutRun: Rush A Difficulty<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2020/01/the-incredible-shrinking-camino.html">Following Camino’s optimization</a>, I performed a similar treatment on Cruising Line, the remaining 3DS track. I reduced the track’s filesize from 24K to 9K using a similar set of techniques. Cruising Line does not suffer from the quantization issues that plagued Camino, which made the process a little easier and yielded even better results. So far so good and there was plenty of ROM space left to stuff with additional music! The next Enhanced Edition will contain three new audio tracks, which is an amazing result.<br />
<br />
Originally, I considered bringing the new Switch music into the fold: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPb4MFdWKWU">Radiation</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNlPYuJrWQ4">Step On Beat</a>. However, from a subjective point of view, neither of these tracks are particularly great. I felt like they didn’t sit harmoniously with the existing music, and I wasn’t prepared to spend many weeks optimizing music I didn’t love.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvgx5jm5SV-WmSlV_j6Qn8K943jCNZIPTSyWJ4TeIsCAPAE_lhyh4sN-HSB3yMFs2yktHMdVXRfecZMsd_Px4zNVgLX-aiVpjzs_wUj8jBIapApfZ2bXeai4gmU_rfrDpSnK7q/s1600/16011701.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1205" data-original-width="851" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvgx5jm5SV-WmSlV_j6Qn8K943jCNZIPTSyWJ4TeIsCAPAE_lhyh4sN-HSB3yMFs2yktHMdVXRfecZMsd_Px4zNVgLX-aiVpjzs_wUj8jBIapApfZ2bXeai4gmU_rfrDpSnK7q/s320/16011701.jpg" width="225" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAol_CVrPjV0rIV1V-Gi6NVyGuNwWmk_73jRIMmBJUUqiIoh_Wp1IIG62Dvxl6O6VFh8GIsmz4ewDJfo3ONXQQGRo3LCS_lUUF07NiOQXaBCAdZ-Ib1oc_yTQNr8MKDxdZtwCe/s1600/16011702.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1209" data-original-width="850" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAol_CVrPjV0rIV1V-Gi6NVyGuNwWmk_73jRIMmBJUUqiIoh_Wp1IIG62Dvxl6O6VFh8GIsmz4ewDJfo3ONXQQGRo3LCS_lUUF07NiOQXaBCAdZ-Ib1oc_yTQNr8MKDxdZtwCe/s320/16011702.jpg" width="224" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Turbo OutRun - A prime example of what happens when you don't understand your own product.</span></b></div>
<br />
Instead, I turned to another reference point in the OutRun universe - Turbo OutRun. Whilst Turbo OutRun is arguably a disappointing sequel, the soundtrack is impressive. In particular, Yasuhiro Takagi’s ‘Rush a difficulty’, which is an upbeat number that wouldn’t sound out of place in the original game. As an aside, Takagi went on to become sound director for Shenmue II, before moving to the Yakuza series.<br />
<br />
<audio controls="controls" src="https://sites.google.com/site/reassembler1/rush-a-difficulty/rush_a_difficulty_original.mp3">
</audio>
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Rush A Difficulty. Terrible Name. Amazing Track.</span></b><br />
<br />
Turbo OutRun runs on the same hardware as its predecessor so, on the surface, the idea of converting the music might appear simple. Being a hand-crafted piece of MML, we wouldn’t need to worry about the rigorous optimization process required by the 3DS audio. However, the audio engine embedded in the Z80 program code isn’t identical. Between OutRun and Turbo OutRun Sega added a number of improvements to the engine. Firstly, an extra 3 PCM channels can be utilized by music, bringing the overall number of simultaneous samples to 8, bolstered by the usual 8 FM channels. (On OutRun, these 3 channels are strictly reserved for sound effects and can’t be used by music.) Secondly, samples can be played at different pitches. Let’s say the composer took a sample of an electric guitar chord, this could be triggered at different pitches and replayed like an instrument. AfterBurner used this functionality to great effect with its guitar-laden riffs. Whilst the samples are 8-bit, and relatively lo-fi compared with clean Yamaha FM patches, they add depth and grit to the overall mixdown when used wisely. In order to backport the music to OutRun, considerable changes would be needed.<br />
<br />
So, the Turbo OutRun engine uses additional channels and manipulates sample pitch intelligently. It was time to decompile the necessary sections of Turbo OutRun’s Z80 code to start analyzing the raw music data. A starting point was the PCM channels, as we potentially needed to remove or remap the extra ones. It was immediately clear that 2 PCM channels were permanently disabled. Interestingly, the disabled channels contained an early draft or a guitar riff for the tune that sounded unfinished when reactivated. This was good news, as it meant there was only one extra channel of audio to worry about. The extra channel contained a sampled driven slap-bass line. Converting this back to OutRun would be problematic. It would involve finding space for the slap-bass sample in the, almost full, sample ROMs and backporting the pitch manipulation code. Plus there wasn’t a spare PCM channel to use anyway, so this was a non-starter.<br />
<br />
The bass line was an essential ingredient of the track - it sounded sparse without it. I decided to recreate the bassline as a YM patch/instrument. CMonkey had the great idea of sourcing a patch from a Megadrive rendition of Rush a Difficulty. The patch wasn’t perfect, but proved a good starting point for further manipulation. I used the VOPM plugin, which emulates the Yamaha 2151 chip, to modify the patch further, before converting the data back to the format required by the OutRun engine.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU_8XFQ_td3M9ioCoAVoydYwXSOcXLUgfS7DIz9tp7yMnU5jcbOV0BLeP-wHiAK1MLj4k_JPwDvb5R9PNn-IOqgDhyphenhyphenaDRb6hXBsPbkvD3se6eYgrO_4ruRM5J_99IMavO9Ti0H/s1600/vopm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="692" height="455" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU_8XFQ_td3M9ioCoAVoydYwXSOcXLUgfS7DIz9tp7yMnU5jcbOV0BLeP-wHiAK1MLj4k_JPwDvb5R9PNn-IOqgDhyphenhyphenaDRb6hXBsPbkvD3se6eYgrO_4ruRM5J_99IMavO9Ti0H/s640/vopm.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">VOPM Plugin. Spend ages fiddling with knobs</span></b></div>
<br />
A YM patch will never sound as beefy as a sample, but it’s not a bad compromise. I replaced a, sparsely used, existing YM channel that didn’t contain a strong lead with the bassline.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/By-utbBMSp0/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/By-utbBMSp0?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Audio Comparison</span></b></div>
<br />
The next hurdle was remapping the track’s percussion. The Turbo OutRun music utilises a different set of drum samples. Now, we could theoretically replace all six sample EPROMs on the PCB with larger ones to include these new drums, and solder the corresponding jumper. But at a practical level, this seems like a big ask on the poor user just for the drums on a single track! Most of the Turbo OutRun drums have an equivalent in OutRun - kick drum, snare, hi-hats, tom-toms etc. Whilst the OutRun drumset doesn’t contain as much reverb, this seemed like a sensible compromise for now.The only one that’s missing is the cowbell, which I mapped to a wood rim instead.<br />
<br />
One final change was needed. The entire Turbo OutRun engine runs at a different timing value to OutRun. To work in OutRun, the engine needs to be temporarily patched to the Turbo value, but only whilst the music is playing. I have a temporary fix for now, which will need to be improved before release. So finally, the track is successfully converted. The main differences are: remapped drum samples, the sampled bassline replaced with a YM patch, with the resulting loss of a single YM channel.<br />
<br />
<audio controls="controls" src="https://sites.google.com/site/reassembler1/rush-a-difficulty/rush_a_difficulty_enhanced.mp3">
</audio>
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sunset Rush (The Enhanced Edition Remix)</span></b><br />
<br />
So there we have it. A different challenge to optimizing the 3DS music that entailed rewriting existing tooling, decompiling the Turbo OutRun audio engine and converting the MML data and commands to an older format.<br />
<br />
I’d also like to thank cmonkey, without his assistance this would have taken much longer. When working on a project of this nature it's invaluable to have someone to bounce ideas off, challenge your assumptions, and sometimes make you feel (unintentionally) ridiculous. I've been incredibly lucky to find someone who understands the Sega audio engine as well as he does, and I wish I could say more than, "thanks buddy!"<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-83298681747835164382020-02-25T17:48:00.002+00:002020-02-25T17:50:07.731+00:00Space Harrier Bootleg Cabs<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
It's always fun to see the effort bootleggers went to, to completely reproduce an entire arcade game. Here are two rare, and different, examples of a Space Harrier upright. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR4JuLdKtHj29Thfy72jG6dnHirdoq8VCAPYezMgJ5k8kwun0-PDDC4BZz_R557IChft_qPopyu_9TLYfZLNz2iYs3XyTJE9Q1QyV-SFYxY5EyzId89k8jQlaHurw3103wQdC_/s1600/Harrierbootleg1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR4JuLdKtHj29Thfy72jG6dnHirdoq8VCAPYezMgJ5k8kwun0-PDDC4BZz_R557IChft_qPopyu_9TLYfZLNz2iYs3XyTJE9Q1QyV-SFYxY5EyzId89k8jQlaHurw3103wQdC_/s640/Harrierbootleg1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Here's the first. Note the unique marquee and dubious side art. The Space Harrier logo is incomplete. The Sega logo is completely missing. The shading details are omitted. Presumably this was converted to Enduro Racer at some stage, hence the handlebars.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOq60hMmR_9GeZeNBWvdpHFMOnkPz6hIIz3Lu9EsGqnB9hBsezM5HzOhr_jV2hphxSKLF6_2ANCeATvcyVP8AoitHY0mSiT_SvFmKU-6iXuOtJ8PFF9mrrNCxASZiOKUi734vj/s1600/18673322_10211841398164036_1752210259652397862_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="809" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOq60hMmR_9GeZeNBWvdpHFMOnkPz6hIIz3Lu9EsGqnB9hBsezM5HzOhr_jV2hphxSKLF6_2ANCeATvcyVP8AoitHY0mSiT_SvFmKU-6iXuOtJ8PFF9mrrNCxASZiOKUi734vj/s640/18673322_10211841398164036_1752210259652397862_o.jpg" width="430" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Here's the second. This sports a Sega logo and the side-art is much more accurate. But there are many cabinet design differences from a genuine upright. For example, the screen bezel is completely different. The marquee is a different size, clipping the artwork. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAHm341SN9rrXLQILWsl1GT2kXx4Gyyhb-hbAw2gYi8LrfsKdvUqqRTIoZoK8ydhkd_0vX-XWI0c8r8LDekLN74CdiUgPPC6fK-Jvm7XzpEKGs6Zd4yA9Qv8yhZd-q_5FUOGc5/s1600/18699691_10211841395923980_2326776093545043388_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAHm341SN9rrXLQILWsl1GT2kXx4Gyyhb-hbAw2gYi8LrfsKdvUqqRTIoZoK8ydhkd_0vX-XWI0c8r8LDekLN74CdiUgPPC6fK-Jvm7XzpEKGs6Zd4yA9Qv8yhZd-q_5FUOGc5/s640/18699691_10211841395923980_2326776093545043388_o.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdG5kpyTgpDTTzMfF3TSopoTh_PRh0S-WYvciGJ9qk39p8NQEUpURMDqONFN0oWb2zkv8x3YjDJf2B976M1hFBphTQbScMbwOTFImzm8f4bd766KIG5KBaDE7uEJQUrleHWIjW/s1600/18738364_10211841398404042_2580737340741213856_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdG5kpyTgpDTTzMfF3TSopoTh_PRh0S-WYvciGJ9qk39p8NQEUpURMDqONFN0oWb2zkv8x3YjDJf2B976M1hFBphTQbScMbwOTFImzm8f4bd766KIG5KBaDE7uEJQUrleHWIjW/s640/18738364_10211841398404042_2580737340741213856_o.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCu4wcxiKrF84arKhjwuWryfaT_tLMm9pyW2zEvbFxZeB_tjwQaFxUh49RjjSsUKNG67g0wfu4PuYxK7LA6MwN9N7aZylYT9Eo-frm7l7YGj6syCACjscsQ_PJ7AJ11Qlo3CNp/s1600/18672834_10211841397164011_1300982270171073665_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCu4wcxiKrF84arKhjwuWryfaT_tLMm9pyW2zEvbFxZeB_tjwQaFxUh49RjjSsUKNG67g0wfu4PuYxK7LA6MwN9N7aZylYT9Eo-frm7l7YGj6syCACjscsQ_PJ7AJ11Qlo3CNp/s640/18672834_10211841397164011_1300982270171073665_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgutDA_vj4i8j-PTG4qFN479gQ-hiuLOblZyyEx5RRSzzpB4H0qhFC4FRLnPFQKx-deG6gL9dOdP3Zw_k160dSdH6KdokNcp03AbG8zDWYT8DRUxh_1lFynzpBIzuXQ98sf5WMG/s1600/18623208_10211841399044058_3821071690026239855_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgutDA_vj4i8j-PTG4qFN479gQ-hiuLOblZyyEx5RRSzzpB4H0qhFC4FRLnPFQKx-deG6gL9dOdP3Zw_k160dSdH6KdokNcp03AbG8zDWYT8DRUxh_1lFynzpBIzuXQ98sf5WMG/s640/18623208_10211841399044058_3821071690026239855_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWGc6vRUrSLugoxxI1lg3JdSEZ9a1wZrA7LvVFOE2dyhoZBAapWoVeQoDvuyQSKiT27KW6076n2lsPKUj1Wvqvz3s3yiqbBNuAzCI-9E2M9LMb1i2ryyViYLSSSSZSxAdZF4h1/s1600/18671818_10211841393283914_5918384405214682454_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1002" data-original-width="1600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWGc6vRUrSLugoxxI1lg3JdSEZ9a1wZrA7LvVFOE2dyhoZBAapWoVeQoDvuyQSKiT27KW6076n2lsPKUj1Wvqvz3s3yiqbBNuAzCI-9E2M9LMb1i2ryyViYLSSSSZSxAdZF4h1/s640/18671818_10211841393283914_5918384405214682454_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoXB_NxcV-3kG8jfTK-m5bMbTDZ7SH7o-uFA3puX9Hda9Q2m4vhiiWZ-nFjXOk_o_X3A7BnzqOKU5sRIeDyZrtSdzI6ktuTTrinaN_7b_yVZhMlPLrRLW6b8zJQ3X_Lobpq7yg/s1600/18623678_10211841396764001_263968362012703720_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoXB_NxcV-3kG8jfTK-m5bMbTDZ7SH7o-uFA3puX9Hda9Q2m4vhiiWZ-nFjXOk_o_X3A7BnzqOKU5sRIeDyZrtSdzI6ktuTTrinaN_7b_yVZhMlPLrRLW6b8zJQ3X_Lobpq7yg/s640/18623678_10211841396764001_263968362012703720_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Here are the PCB stack and internals. Those familiar with the original boardset will note the additional daughter boards to replace various Sega customs. Overall, a lot of effort went into this reproduction. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwhNb5VW8Ih-MnMbo7Ziv5iKLT9KFppeXG-5bzSUGwgjM2lDAa2fHOfHaECVgUCUps7yrMB_fSy6L8VYc5vqkq_pU1KIldIEXyag6OgDH9q0G0g0TtWnRo6MbTgzXpZjimxP-S/s1600/18623315_10211841394523945_3430954195291688951_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwhNb5VW8Ih-MnMbo7Ziv5iKLT9KFppeXG-5bzSUGwgjM2lDAa2fHOfHaECVgUCUps7yrMB_fSy6L8VYc5vqkq_pU1KIldIEXyag6OgDH9q0G0g0TtWnRo6MbTgzXpZjimxP-S/s640/18623315_10211841394523945_3430954195291688951_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA4dyr16_iK6Pp3L1nW-z9CRg6eiPRNTNctcOyU9Y9URouNzEbhGcsuOJsF36R2hpzWtwX_73fo4igTgM-gx_Z9q-KXM4r47fRXSa0kgIICwERAnqCuVz_aU-o_yaHYH08ec4S/s1600/18671602_10211841390563846_8181909818466515515_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA4dyr16_iK6Pp3L1nW-z9CRg6eiPRNTNctcOyU9Y9URouNzEbhGcsuOJsF36R2hpzWtwX_73fo4igTgM-gx_Z9q-KXM4r47fRXSa0kgIICwERAnqCuVz_aU-o_yaHYH08ec4S/s640/18671602_10211841390563846_8181909818466515515_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJOKsZS_XgZl1A-HkSHuMo9i0-Q4rDcthFb1CeIW6MmiXtf3CCOtHJiLdlV3DjlpRDsJtsJ3vGEZAIJoZdUCyRkHMUAiDPeS4Lkzp0yoHUOjX5wWeg-OzZp9l4Hjh7HPZWxs3w/s1600/18699560_10211841397524020_6142062493913355486_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJOKsZS_XgZl1A-HkSHuMo9i0-Q4rDcthFb1CeIW6MmiXtf3CCOtHJiLdlV3DjlpRDsJtsJ3vGEZAIJoZdUCyRkHMUAiDPeS4Lkzp0yoHUOjX5wWeg-OzZp9l4Hjh7HPZWxs3w/s640/18699560_10211841397524020_6142062493913355486_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUZc8xssOtZJwwlytsZEw-E55sEwooz3rBnruKpuU4PEtpjbjJmmaRCZEftBkGDqzy588Vd_efXp78PXFd6f5ZESYMplv-BiCaI8nbX_VyUrFZnWOJigSBBMDC2KkkX61EDZka/s1600/18699581_10211841396323990_8583790830927432721_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUZc8xssOtZJwwlytsZEw-E55sEwooz3rBnruKpuU4PEtpjbjJmmaRCZEftBkGDqzy588Vd_efXp78PXFd6f5ZESYMplv-BiCaI8nbX_VyUrFZnWOJigSBBMDC2KkkX61EDZka/s640/18699581_10211841396323990_8583790830927432721_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHU1x0RgctCdwlsAq38tYy_RWq2NGtP0izsgBAJ-bwmUOBnUrJrZosfF_61P-kIzqCn-wdJ4XwMaP5aGTSGT0akA6K5nFfVrYt24Iwmm5bIgH-x-n9CIlbyhouJY7TY1ENzL1F/s1600/18738364_10211841394923955_2457564571414503868_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHU1x0RgctCdwlsAq38tYy_RWq2NGtP0izsgBAJ-bwmUOBnUrJrZosfF_61P-kIzqCn-wdJ4XwMaP5aGTSGT0akA6K5nFfVrYt24Iwmm5bIgH-x-n9CIlbyhouJY7TY1ENzL1F/s640/18738364_10211841394923955_2457564571414503868_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGjnGxG5fDedZmWw5__nowlBn_AVVb94QHdVBAGaI09dxYwOp2wm6XK6q_88x4-dQkpg9y-zmdC85HNZeH2UZg-EVrrgJUrlOtZJJAqOGyz0qLXQ-9O8p65exWJUzLw34McqQp/s1600/18699372_10211841390163836_8192830506965935641_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGjnGxG5fDedZmWw5__nowlBn_AVVb94QHdVBAGaI09dxYwOp2wm6XK6q_88x4-dQkpg9y-zmdC85HNZeH2UZg-EVrrgJUrlOtZJJAqOGyz0qLXQ-9O8p65exWJUzLw34McqQp/s640/18699372_10211841390163836_8192830506965935641_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
You can see other bootleg Sega cabs <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/search/label/bootleg">here</a>. </div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-36580457008177862942020-02-12T20:41:00.003+00:002020-02-12T20:47:00.845+00:00Sega Arcade: Pop-Up History - Review<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="https://readonlymemory.vg/">Read Only Memory</a> has a formidable track record of publishing high-end game books, so I was particularly excited when <a href="https://readonlymemory.vg/shop/book/sega-arcade-pop-up-history/">Sega Arcade: Pop-Up History</a> was announced. Models of six Sega Taiken arcade cabinets delivered via a pop-up book, providing a double-dose of childhood nostalgia in both subject matter and delivery format.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1xN4IfKs4R-shOkIPKNHxWD5l3eb6esSXXSlAfRynbtaZziMpoc2PQtqz7DPC42dR1s_4A-zih6dNLwvxxjNMuFKhkIk5QIrKwoooZOQczwOewq54snxmrl4m_7gQc0Qx63ZD/s1600/book_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="958" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1xN4IfKs4R-shOkIPKNHxWD5l3eb6esSXXSlAfRynbtaZziMpoc2PQtqz7DPC42dR1s_4A-zih6dNLwvxxjNMuFKhkIk5QIrKwoooZOQczwOewq54snxmrl4m_7gQc0Qx63ZD/s640/book_1.jpg" width="383" /></a></div>
<br />
The presentation follows the clean, minimal, design patterns established by ROM’s other titles. Screenshots are used sparingly and rendered with a faithful scanline effect. Less is more, with a solitary image on most pages isolated by plenty of white-space. The most fascinating content, other than the pop-up models, is the restored concept cabinet designs from Sega’s archives. Whilst not exhaustive, (there is a far wider range of concept imagery in <a href="https://segaretro.org/Yu_Suzuki_Game_Works_Vol._1">Yu Suzuki’s GameWorks Vol. 1</a> for example) this is the clearest presentation of the artwork. It’s insightful to glimpse the design process behind the games we know and love. Hopefully one day the full treasure trove will be published.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-VW8lkmMKhamFaJMWz73C3Bc_59u7XtWFQOcBHX1tRL9OA7gSuJO7l161llHYx5tKxRekJPb67St8SUegxPSCJlZ51Nx3LrU8vEMKHDAE0P2dFsse_JBHg3y6BqA-9UA5DGNK/s1600/book_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="967" data-original-width="1500" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-VW8lkmMKhamFaJMWz73C3Bc_59u7XtWFQOcBHX1tRL9OA7gSuJO7l161llHYx5tKxRekJPb67St8SUegxPSCJlZ51Nx3LrU8vEMKHDAE0P2dFsse_JBHg3y6BqA-9UA5DGNK/s640/book_2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
The accompanying prose perfectly captures the magic these machines first invoked for gamers, alongside the technical practicalities of the hardware itself. Keith Stuart is one of the best game writers in the business and he has passed his homework with flying colours: Yu Suzuki is consulted and quoted, old developer interviews referenced and fanatic arcade collectors contacted. A lot of ground is covered in a small amount of space. I’m partially biased as I was lucky enough to advise on this area of the book. As such, I hope it avoids perpetrating the common myths surrounding these machines, as well as proving both insightful and accurate!<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdbCVYPBWvU4sJ91YzDjlfX5j9b2dRfVE7ppz3rrEjEKlt8yRJskVK5kZRt4eio31EuPXNGd0CuT2lGHWkZVj4KNa55RACqJLaqcwB03D6X-m30_u6nMPov9MUMhQQRJCgR5Wo/s1600/book_6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1171" data-original-width="1600" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdbCVYPBWvU4sJ91YzDjlfX5j9b2dRfVE7ppz3rrEjEKlt8yRJskVK5kZRt4eio31EuPXNGd0CuT2lGHWkZVj4KNa55RACqJLaqcwB03D6X-m30_u6nMPov9MUMhQQRJCgR5Wo/s640/book_6.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
The pop-up models are quite rightly the centrepiece of this book. I was intrigued at how intricate they were - especially the AfterBurner model, although my technical expertise in the field is limited to books I read to my children! That being said, the proportions, artwork and overall feel is spot on. Clearly, some of the curved surfaces are not fully reproducible when transferred to folded paper, but for tabletop novelty factor, this can’t be beat! The only similar product I’m aware of is <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/search/label/dorimaga">Dorimaga magazine’s Sega papercraft series</a>. This was published over 15 years ago and required the reader to construct the models with scissors and glue.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrTPsxOhAVE4kjuN85f30C2jaXyhHmtF0GAr88WGBzhKV0W1j9tFwox-TzcrEvjsqFSL2RGy01ZxXgOtvLC8xypx5mFe_0UK5OhU8_iTN1mdM0aYGCcrDJEk2-GZ5rypVyJ3ON/s1600/book_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1320" data-original-width="1500" height="562" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrTPsxOhAVE4kjuN85f30C2jaXyhHmtF0GAr88WGBzhKV0W1j9tFwox-TzcrEvjsqFSL2RGy01ZxXgOtvLC8xypx5mFe_0UK5OhU8_iTN1mdM0aYGCcrDJEk2-GZ5rypVyJ3ON/s640/book_3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
One thing to note is that this book isn’t an analogue to a title like <a href="https://readonlymemory.vg/shop/book/sega-mega-drive-genesis-collected-works/">MegaDrive: Collected Works</a>. There are only 32 pages of editorial content, as opposed to over 300. You purchase this book for the quality of the pop-up models themselves. And so you should. After all, where else can you find a product quite like this?<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0v0xFTQ5r2hyphenhyphenYRnoT0Y_HTdYcern3EBbkdjpq8N4irpSTEhnp7JHgAmuC_El232GP4sLIFmw9Ki1OUWM8bY12XBal9EWE8wXwu8hOfM6p_fP44bdxPg2-pZ9voSOlk-mufnwg/s1600/book_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="972" data-original-width="1500" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0v0xFTQ5r2hyphenhyphenYRnoT0Y_HTdYcern3EBbkdjpq8N4irpSTEhnp7JHgAmuC_El232GP4sLIFmw9Ki1OUWM8bY12XBal9EWE8wXwu8hOfM6p_fP44bdxPg2-pZ9voSOlk-mufnwg/s640/book_4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8if2-c-6CK6LdI5SBdNHLjrFwGPGtxDxT_gSqGO_6I3ms7ueeXzimJJOwbr5tFgIXOJ6VtMF63pihji91OHXrwZa9qtpI0viHf5Xs-oElzEKDNhxmE8sMjX4MP6c_26TLhQbS/s1600/book_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="729" data-original-width="1500" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8if2-c-6CK6LdI5SBdNHLjrFwGPGtxDxT_gSqGO_6I3ms7ueeXzimJJOwbr5tFgIXOJ6VtMF63pihji91OHXrwZa9qtpI0viHf5Xs-oElzEKDNhxmE8sMjX4MP6c_26TLhQbS/s640/book_5.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-67056413447517716942020-01-20T16:27:00.000+00:002020-01-20T16:59:31.713+00:00The Incredible Shrinking Camino!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">When creating the 3DS and Switch versions of OutRun, developer M2 added a number of new music tracks. Thankfully, most adhered to the original Music Macro Language (MML) format used by the original game. Once extracted from the 3DS, the music data plays out of the box on original hardware, with minimal modifications to the Z80 program code. Delightful dedication on behalf of the composers. </span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Unfortunately, as mentioned in the <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2019/11/outruns-music-macro-language-tooling.html">previous blog post</a>, the file size of this new music is substantially larger than the original music. As a comparison, the new tracks weigh in at around 3-4 times the size.</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNYCDGLJc-B0-OG8XsiQg47w_GUz-3ObFTG6SHN2sb-qlFkmhnfR7DD8O1xdRyLcWfoOmKjij4GjuMtZuMeGKoQKNJrhgOXR8L5d5y6aWL_1ZzY6VjsElFOYC5BNg7GLzv-iY1/s1600/filesize_comparison.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="358" data-original-width="585" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNYCDGLJc-B0-OG8XsiQg47w_GUz-3ObFTG6SHN2sb-qlFkmhnfR7DD8O1xdRyLcWfoOmKjij4GjuMtZuMeGKoQKNJrhgOXR8L5d5y6aWL_1ZzY6VjsElFOYC5BNg7GLzv-iY1/s1600/filesize_comparison.PNG" /></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">This isn’t a result of additional length or musical complexity. File size is simply not a concern on modern hardware. However, my dream is to add multiple music tracks to a future release of OutRun Enhanced Edition. This relies on the hope that they could be reduced in size and programmed back to the original arcade PCB, without the need for additional hardware. As such, I’ve spent my evenings studying and optimizing the first OutRun 3DS tune: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_uQKvROvU8M">Camino a Mi Amor</a>.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT5mSukGaIjKwdLny53EBgZcjpzW3HEJW02OTK_HweTISWrHm1BxnWThwwF1qhyphenhyphenZHOG1KCEgD0lxOdyH-Z2h1AO2YqZZuTQtT9cF1X6LpfHDtDJ7wxGia9T8RrTkBiSmYAI80d/s1600/EOd_NMvU4AERn3X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT5mSukGaIjKwdLny53EBgZcjpzW3HEJW02OTK_HweTISWrHm1BxnWThwwF1qhyphenhyphenZHOG1KCEgD0lxOdyH-Z2h1AO2YqZZuTQtT9cF1X6LpfHDtDJ7wxGia9T8RrTkBiSmYAI80d/s640/EOd_NMvU4AERn3X.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz8msCfk6dxeKGN3L_H6IyvI75sfJy46T4uLRVXNNdIYsu-rqsWHwKR5-rT2HLDY7dAbQXf_Hx-FmUppqbNoucdOy8mawvplbFSqGaikLC5txOF3_ZnPtCidwWCmYRxsa-Jo_4/s1600/EOd_NUCU0AAoYi-.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz8msCfk6dxeKGN3L_H6IyvI75sfJy46T4uLRVXNNdIYsu-rqsWHwKR5-rT2HLDY7dAbQXf_Hx-FmUppqbNoucdOy8mawvplbFSqGaikLC5txOF3_ZnPtCidwWCmYRxsa-Jo_4/s640/EOd_NUCU0AAoYi-.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKaAkBkr-Uso75XKDuxNo7BEa7cBFhvjRRChVK1pzOw2FIrufqPhd0ml7A4-xFEzRO_PVG8s5rY3ecHuHJm1R1mUfukjGmUZsMO-abVy_FmNF8wVrGDMjOMuqJl4y7quqnyI0u/s1600/EOd_uaaVAAAaESU.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKaAkBkr-Uso75XKDuxNo7BEa7cBFhvjRRChVK1pzOw2FIrufqPhd0ml7A4-xFEzRO_PVG8s5rY3ecHuHJm1R1mUfukjGmUZsMO-abVy_FmNF8wVrGDMjOMuqJl4y7quqnyI0u/s640/EOd_uaaVAAAaESU.jpg" width="478" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">The original music was composed by Hiro on a Roland MC-500 keyboard and transcribed as sheet music, before being hand translated to MML. This ensured the original MML was well structured and highly optimized. After coding an <a href="https://github.com/djyt/mmlr">MML decompiler</a>, I could study the new music and determine why there is a size disparity, and more importantly recompile any optimizations back into the OutRun audio engine. </span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">It was clear that the new MML data was auto-generated by some kind of tooling. I believe that the new audio was composed in a modern Digital Audio Workstation package (DAW) and then run through a conversion process for reasons I’ll outline below.</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>1/ The music is incoherently structured.</b> </span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">One of the powers of Sega’s Music Macro Language is the ability to use nested loops and subroutines. When used wisely, these radically reduce data duplication and therefore save a lot of space. Music is inherently repetitive, especially when divided into individual channels of audio. When studying Camino, it’s apparent the subroutines have been automatically generated, rather than created by hand. Rather than a subroutine containing a musical pattern that make sense in isolation, subroutines frequently start and end at illogical points from a composition perspective. Many of the subroutines are called just twice whereas you’d expect, especially with repetitive channels containing drum patterns, a much greater degree of reuse. </span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">M2 were on point for writing tooling to identify repeated sections of data. Theoretically, it’s a smarter, faster approach than attempting to optimize by hand. However, it’s a difficult problem to solve well and the results are only as good as the algorithm. And in this case, the results are mediocre. Aside from badly structured subroutines, the tooling created subroutines that are called just once, rendering them pointless. And furthermore they’d overlooked a separate problem further up their toolchain...</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>2/ The music does not adhere to the inherent timings of the audio engine. </b></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">As Cmonkey explained in his <a href="https://github.com/djyt/mmlr/blob/master/siMMpLified/siMMpLified%20readme.txt">documentation</a>: the overall tempo of the tune is controlled by timer A on the Yamaha 2151 sound chip. This timer is loaded with a value of 524 during initialisation of the audio engine. The calculation used for the timer A period (in ms) is:</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> tA = 64 * (1024 - tAvalue) / input clock (KHz)</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">The sound chip has an input clock of 4 MHz (4000 KHz). So this means the timer A period is calculated as:</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> 64 * (1024 - 524) / 4000 = 8ms</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">So, to play a note for 1 second, you'd pass a value of 125 as the duration (125 * 8ms = 1000ms = 1s).</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now, where Camino a Mi Amor falls foul of this system is that its core timing is not divisible by units of 8ms. As such the music is quantized to fit the audio engine’s timing, ensuring the notes align to 8ms boundaries. Let’s look at a typical sequence of notes to clarify this point. This series of commands simply plays the note D at octave 4 a number of times with a few rests thrown in for good measure. </span></span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div align="center" dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;">
<colgroup><col width="97"></col><col width="65"></col><col width="67"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Command</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Time V1</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Time V2</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">D4</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">57</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">58</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">D4</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">28</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">27</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">D4</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">14</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">D4</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">14</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">REST</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">15</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">15</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">D4</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">14</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">REST</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">14</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">D4</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">14</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">15</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">D4</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">29</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">28</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><br /></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Length</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">199</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-left: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-right: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; border-top: solid #cccccc 0.75pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">199</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">So far so good. However, the second time this sequence is exported from the DAW to MML, there are subtle timing differences:</span></span><br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">The first version of this sequence plays D4 for a length of 57, which is 456ms (57 * 8). </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">However, the second version of this sequence plays D4 for a length of 58, which is 464ms (58 * 8). </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">This disparity is offset by the second use of D4 in the sequence, where the timing is inverted. </span></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Both versions of the sequence last the same total duration, but the notes are aligned differently. Imagine the original composer setting a chosen tempo in his audio software. When the exporter reached the second version of the sequence, it was quantized to the closest possible duration, in order to work with the default audio engine timing. The second time round, the quantization was applied to different notes in the sequence. The difference is inaudible to the ear and, in fact, an artefact of M2’s tooling, rather than a deliberate artistic choice. The timing differences also affect the drum patterns, which you would expect to be rigid, rather than variable. It should also be noted that the timing differences are only ever +/- 1. Any additional difference would be an artistic choice. To compound the problem, the tooling inserts additional ‘REST 1’ commands in various sequences to compensate for the timing differences, which wastes further space.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">For file size, this is a critical problem. Each version of the sequence is now treated as a separate block of data, rather than a shared subroutine. It’s effectively different from a data perspective, despite sounding identical. This is part of the reason the previously described subroutine automation is a failure. It is fed imperfect data to process and cannot identify sections of the audio that should be identical. Whilst my example shows just two versions of the same sequence, in reality there are often many more. This is incredibly wasteful, as well as making the resultant MML unwieldy.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">We’re faced with bulky MML, littered with illogical subroutines, that needs a major restructure to wrestle it into shape. I tackled the problem by listening to each channel of audio in isolation and capturing it to a waveform. This helped build a mental and visual image of the structure of the music channel. The next part of the process wasn’t an exact science, but I started visually identifying chunks of MML data that looked similar, unrolling subroutines where necessary. I built a Google Sheet that would help me do this. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4-6xHsTb6W-rjoeGI3lBROwoS24vstW01DF91M4UtSLss0TPdfSZPPMj_Rb4V9sp5vtReBfKo8BB5OkI_9Uf3RLaFlVrccZ8iPTG1OetZua8tLXnBlII009ZF3KSJcZcwiY4L/s1600/google_sheets.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="684" data-original-width="987" height="441" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4-6xHsTb6W-rjoeGI3lBROwoS24vstW01DF91M4UtSLss0TPdfSZPPMj_Rb4V9sp5vtReBfKo8BB5OkI_9Uf3RLaFlVrccZ8iPTG1OetZua8tLXnBlII009ZF3KSJcZcwiY4L/s640/google_sheets.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">I could simply copy and paste two giant blocks of MML data that I suspected were identical into the sheet. The sheet formulae would verify the list of commands were in fact identical, verify the timing of each command didn’t differ by more than +/-1 timing unit and finally sanity check that the overall timing of the block was identical. Once happy, I could return to the MML, remove the obfuscated original data and subroutines and move them to a shiny clean subroutine. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Effectively, I was consolidating all of the data variations back into a coherent section of music. Some of these could be reused multiple times, which was a huge optimization. If you think back to the previous example with two versions of the same sequence, there is no reason both of these sequences shouldn’t be identical, as long as the overall timing of the block is the same. The upside to this, is that we’re returning to the vintage 1986 Hiro approach of hand-crafting MML. We can make genuine use of powerful loops and smartly organised subroutines. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">I’ve made this process sound a breeze, but in reality it was time consuming and error prone. With over 10,000 lines of MML data to work with for the first track alone, one small error could throw the timing of the entire tune, especially if the error was contained in a loop that was iterated over multiple times. I found I could manage 2 to 3 hours of this work at a time, before needing to call it quits. Despite that, it is an incredibly fun puzzle to crack. My score was the byte count. Every time I hit recompile, my savings were output to the console. The lower the score the better I felt. Sometimes I needed to increase the overall size in the short-term as a strategy to reduce it considerably in the long-term. I’m unsure whether this process could be automated to produce MML that was as clean. Maybe it could and I just don’t want to admit it. Certainly, it would be easier to improve M2’s tooling to create better MML in the first place, if I had access to it. </span></div>
<b style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></b>
<b style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">3/ Cross channel optimizations are missed. </b><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wait, we’re not done yet! There were other easy trends to spot. For example, FM channel 0 and FM channel 1 shared a bunch of note data. I suspect the conversion tooling did not work across channels. It was trivial to move this into its own subroutine. </span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>4/ The REST command is everywhere! </b></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">For FM channels, the REST command largely serves a purpose. It’s akin to depressing the note you’re playing. However, for percussion channels it serves less of a purpose. Consider the following sequence of commands:</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> KICK_DRUM<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>42</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> REST<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>10</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> KICK_DRUM<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>14</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">This translates to: </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Play the kick drum sample. Wait 336ms (42*8).</li>
<li>Rest for 80ms (10*8).</li>
<li>Play the next kick drum in the sequence. </li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">The technicality to note is that once a sample is initiated, it can only be interrupted by another sample. The REST command adds little value, beyond inserting a delay before the next command. Therefore, the above block can be optimized to:</span><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> KICK_DRUM<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>52</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> KICK_DRUM<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>14</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">We’ve shaved 2 bytes from this 6 byte sequence! This might not sound much in isolation, but when the command is littered across all percussion channels, you can claw back a considerable number of bytes and save Z80 cycles in the process.</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Generally speaking, for FM channels the REST command should be left well alone. Removing REST commands would change the way notes sustain and decay. However, there are exceptions to this rule. Earlier, I mentioned M2’s tooling had inserted ‘REST 1’ commands in the FM channels to compensate for audio timing differences. This was particularly obvious when comparing two identical blocks. One might look like this:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> F4</span><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">14</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> REST<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> F4<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>28</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> REST<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>14</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">The second might look like this:</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> F4 15</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> F4 28</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> REST 14</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">The first block adds an 8ms rest between the two F4 notes. The second block adds the delay to the time the note is played for and does away with the REST command entirely. Therefore, both versions could be condensed into the succinct second version. This optimization might appear to be a leap of faith, but it does become apparent as artefact removal when analyzing 10,000 lines of MML by hand! I studied both variations in a wave editor and found no visual difference, let alone an audible one. <insert audio="" here="" waveform=""> In reality the block would be longer than the example provided of course. </insert></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>5/ Patches and Erroneous commands.</b></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">My MML decompiler performs other handy analysis. For example, it denotes which FM patches (or FM sounds if you like) are in use by the track. The unused patches can quickly be removed by hand. Furthermore, the MML contained junk data. For example you’d see command sequences as follows:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>LOAD_PATCH<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>6</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>REST<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>10</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>LOAD_PATCH<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>16</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>C4<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>10</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">Clearly the initial LOAD_PATCH command is trumped by the second and can be removed. There's no need to load the first sound patch, as no notes are played! There were other examples of redundant commands that also provided a small but welcome saving. </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>In Conclusion</b></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">In total, the above methods sliced a whopping 10k from the original track - a saving of 46% - with hopefully no loss of musical integrity! But this hard work is only just the beginning, and soon I'll need to tackle the next track - Cruising Line.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPS1VCrJqUN0ra36R3KpDdF5lfVyVKFyoSMfqgj_mbIL2I9_dl5R7HUOJbXksaPnM0ct1-0xoMNUtitevx0L3clR-ddY97V2kpIpSxhWImcJUvq8plVvEX5Tt0AxaLlVB7cigk/s1600/filesize_comparison2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="370" data-original-width="595" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPS1VCrJqUN0ra36R3KpDdF5lfVyVKFyoSMfqgj_mbIL2I9_dl5R7HUOJbXksaPnM0ct1-0xoMNUtitevx0L3clR-ddY97V2kpIpSxhWImcJUvq8plVvEX5Tt0AxaLlVB7cigk/s640/filesize_comparison2.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Parting Words</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt; white-space: pre-wrap;">I’m frequently asked if a feature or idea is possible. Can something be done? Couldn’t you just…? And the answer is often theoretically yes. Yes, if you’re prepared to pour time and energy into seeing a hair-brained scheme through to fruition. Of course, you could, and maybe should, view this entire process as complete madness. All this effort to trim mere bytes from a binary file: reversing the MML format, cmonkey’s robust tooling to create and compile MML files, the decompiler to reverse 3DS binaries back into an editable format, countless evenings spent manually manipulating data with a hodgepodge of makeshift tools. And we’re nowhere near done yet, but let’s keep going, because no one else will!</span></div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-8780375128944604982019-11-28T17:22:00.001+00:002019-11-28T17:27:34.768+00:00OutRun's Music Macro Language & Tooling<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
My <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2019/10/raiding-hiros-sega-audio-archives.html">recent post</a>, which covered Sega's audio creation process in the 1980s, inspired fellow coder cmonkey to create a nifty tool to facilitate composing new music for OutRun.<br />
<br />
The music in OutRun is, at the most basic level, a simple stream of MIDI note values and durations. The tunes were originally transcribed from sheet music into MML (Macro Music Language). Presumably, after transcription, Sega had tooling to compile the MML data into the format used by the game's audio engine. Cmonkey's tool, <a href="https://github.com/djyt/mmlr/tree/master/siMMpLified">SiMMpLified</a>, essentially recreates this tooling.<br />
<br />
The format used by OutRun is compact and efficient. Tunes are comprised of up-to 8 FM tracks, played by the Yamaha YM2151 sound chip and up-to 5 PCM tracks, played by the custom Sega 315-5218 PCM sample playback chip. Technically, it's possible to have a tune that's purely 16 channels of PCM samples, but practically sample space is limited. In addition, some PCM channels are reserved for the game's sound effects including engine revs, tire screeches and voice samples. In some respects, the format can be considered a more advanced version of the MOD format, popularised by the Amiga home computers.<br />
<br />
The power of Sega's MML format is a result of a relatively advanced looping and nested sub-routine structure. This enables the data for a tune like Passing Breeze to be squeezed into under 5K of EPROM space, excluding the percussion samples! If you're interested in the technical structure and command format of MML, it's worth reading the <a href="https://github.com/djyt/mmlr/blob/master/siMMpLified/siMMpLified%20readme.txt">SiMMpLified documentation</a>.<br />
<br />
The SiMMpLified tooling inspired me to consider what could be achieved with OutRun's audio in the forthcoming Enhanced Edition, currently slated for release in 2020. Ideally, I'd love to include additional music, as per <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.co.uk/2017/04/afterburner-2-enhanced-edition.html">AfterBurner: Enhanced Edition</a>. There are already candidates for the tracks. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706195823/http://blogs.sega.com/2015/03/10/sega-3d-classics-3d-out-run-part-4/">M2's 3DS version of OutRun introduced two new tunes</a>, Camino and Crusing Line. The <a href="https://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/interview/1154400.html">later Switch version</a> introduced Step on Beat, which first premiered on the Megadrive and Hiro's Radiation. The rest of the music in the Switch version is streamed audio and doesn't use MML format.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrKWYZCHoFug88Ingdto7zkuzz80aodvPJQ7Kj3dMQmv6cZYkECufPV2HfNzar7z7s_m-Fn_xLiXS28gaveJ22yajLaakh0yEcEpzoxSxGWkttkICeIvx3AVoZ_f54tRK7SElr/s1600/16147494673_e208227a23.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="400" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrKWYZCHoFug88Ingdto7zkuzz80aodvPJQ7Kj3dMQmv6cZYkECufPV2HfNzar7z7s_m-Fn_xLiXS28gaveJ22yajLaakh0yEcEpzoxSxGWkttkICeIvx3AVoZ_f54tRK7SElr/s320/16147494673_e208227a23.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_wb5_JLz8AN3BvOXdcy-L3xyZhzYWz5nBGCz-5lux_kgPUU9TFR6tut2bb-Do0IKKQ6SrS7H04Jbz8qJ9MgVzrRNR1s9bquq9oA0n-0HGfFbW7kkQzt0lxATTopDomGxRmnyM/s1600/16580025160_a42b4bc3b4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="400" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_wb5_JLz8AN3BvOXdcy-L3xyZhzYWz5nBGCz-5lux_kgPUU9TFR6tut2bb-Do0IKKQ6SrS7H04Jbz8qJ9MgVzrRNR1s9bquq9oA0n-0HGfFbW7kkQzt0lxATTopDomGxRmnyM/s320/16580025160_a42b4bc3b4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
However, whilst extracting the new music reveals it to be in the correct format, it's bulky in terms of file-size. Each new song is as large as all four of the original OutRun compositions combined! There was <a href="https://www.jammarcade.net/outrun-music-extender/">an impressive project to get the music running on original hardware</a>, but it required a custom manufactured PCB. This allowed the Z80 audio processor to access the additional address space.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHqHeGfq4yxY2niDvr2wcbivjwoS4RfcnU3TyNgVSFixHp6T9NceEdpj7KyC7j20Y4zG-AJg8yjl0_kP17pwZVy4qpFs06AcQAebGqnOuhJ6-MkjP16LQfevqHB82HJNhSQDq6/s1600/pcb.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="1024" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHqHeGfq4yxY2niDvr2wcbivjwoS4RfcnU3TyNgVSFixHp6T9NceEdpj7KyC7j20Y4zG-AJg8yjl0_kP17pwZVy4qpFs06AcQAebGqnOuhJ6-MkjP16LQfevqHB82HJNhSQDq6/s400/pcb.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
I'd like to achieve this without the need for custom hardware. The existing OutRun audio EPROM is 32K. The maximum size supported by the PCB is 64K, with a jumper swap. However, part of the 64K memory map is mapped to RAM. Therefore, there's only 60K of accessible EPROM space. Any new music would need to fit into ~28K of free space.<br />
<br />
At this point I realised the new music would require analysis and optimization. Reversing the music by hand would be error-prone and time consuming. Instead, I <a href="https://github.com/djyt/mmlr">coded a tool</a> that would read a binary and output an MML file, compatible with the SiMMpLified tooling. The end result is that we can instantly produce a formatted MML file containing the notes and commands for any OutRun tune. This file can be recompiled with a Z80 assembler and inserted back into the audio EPROM.<br />
<br />
For the sake of completeness, you can think of the flow through these tools as follows, although clearly this example is an extremity:<br />
<br />
<b>OutRun Z80 EPROM</b> -> <b>MML Reassembler</b> -> <b>ASM file + siMMpLified Libs</b> -> <b>Z80 Assembler</b> -> <b>MML Injector</b> -> <b>OutRun Z80 EPROM</b><br />
<br />
The MML Reassembler suggests that the original music is hand-crafted, whereas the new tracks appear to have been produced using some kind of tooling developed by M2. M2 did not need to be concerned about file size, and as such the output is bulky and contains repeated data.<br />
<br />
I started work hand-optimizing Camino last night and shaved 2.5K off the filesize within a few hours (or closer to 9K if you take into account the unused data which my MML Reassembler automatically strips out). I don't know whether this project will be possible, but it's certainly worth a serious attempt!<br />
<br />
Why not write a tool to optimize the tracks automatically? At this stage, I don't think it would achieve the results of a manual analysis where every single byte counts. Why not ZLIB compress the tunes in EPROM? The Z80 only has access to 2K of Work RAM, much of which is already in use by the program code.<br />
<br />
Bear in mind that this is a work in process, and I'm unsure whether this will be of use to anyone right now. Nevertheless, the tooling can be found <a href="https://github.com/djyt/mmlr">here</a>.</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-87380104736212013562019-10-01T17:17:00.002+01:002019-10-01T17:25:56.894+01:00Raiding Hiro's Sega Audio Archives<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In recent years, Sega consolidated its scattered Tokyo offices to a centralised building in Ousaki. <a href="https://www.siliconera.com/2019/02/24/players-say-goodbye-as-old-sega-headquarters-finally-sold-off-for-eventual-reconstruction/">One office that closed at the start of 2019 was the Otorii office</a>. This office had been the key development hub since September 1985, shortly after Hang-On development concluded. As such, intriguing development materials were unearthed in the process.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqH96f8cfPlTDEbrKPWcrHpYQSPiQPb-BdtvLO_d1pKzjrfPz3RLZZlIS-JYPeZBnHxRxPc9uuJ-FVcIBCzJce7L70UAdFJSfUB1Uqd1FCD21Emx2IWHbdN5wSw5QRwOxq1bw4/s1600/DynJ1BXU0AAknya.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqH96f8cfPlTDEbrKPWcrHpYQSPiQPb-BdtvLO_d1pKzjrfPz3RLZZlIS-JYPeZBnHxRxPc9uuJ-FVcIBCzJce7L70UAdFJSfUB1Uqd1FCD21Emx2IWHbdN5wSw5QRwOxq1bw4/s200/DynJ1BXU0AAknya.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PP6uZgOUyYB8msZk6Sp-lWYUnvxGVyNv7SzMqYIbDopN2itPqSMsdA8yiaBUl6_DBj-Lj4M3fMCEeCfaM1DijrBrzxAdZvdyiEXnDfYt5WHYWDQzvDYr4x621HcV-KTzHqm_/s1600/DynJ1BYUYAAaiQ_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1370" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9PP6uZgOUyYB8msZk6Sp-lWYUnvxGVyNv7SzMqYIbDopN2itPqSMsdA8yiaBUl6_DBj-Lj4M3fMCEeCfaM1DijrBrzxAdZvdyiEXnDfYt5WHYWDQzvDYr4x621HcV-KTzHqm_/s200/DynJ1BYUYAAaiQ_.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sega Otorii Office Building</span></b></div>
<br />
Hiro posted a vast collection of audio planning documents and media from 1985 through to the early 1990s. When Hiro joined Sega in 1984, music was composed on hand-written sheets.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgDNZpg4Unmft6flP6iFMBP0MXF6pkpnv0t8s-phdQ2kjcS7HorfrJDW1f9Wkh7pkaEKrckhNPlFlArzcmgGdXWtyxho4Aw49oDMstF4r350WtckEtyKl_5rKHj-iNSYUnAeJ5/s1600/D4PuU3EU8AAQ5qa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgDNZpg4Unmft6flP6iFMBP0MXF6pkpnv0t8s-phdQ2kjcS7HorfrJDW1f9Wkh7pkaEKrckhNPlFlArzcmgGdXWtyxho4Aw49oDMstF4r350WtckEtyKl_5rKHj-iNSYUnAeJ5/s320/D4PuU3EU8AAQ5qa.jpg" width="239" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP-GNxmb9EZDV4IITF-JHoy-OjLuNrgn9Wcamh8HLfz6CzSYwbaZpcS3ay_-VR4YpODhuQxWN8aD7LCGKsRjNzt8_TJ2d-OSw3YLGEpijZzLNYVZy4M_NZ4TUSOl_pW8NcURs_/s1600/D4PuU68U0AA6Jun.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP-GNxmb9EZDV4IITF-JHoy-OjLuNrgn9Wcamh8HLfz6CzSYwbaZpcS3ay_-VR4YpODhuQxWN8aD7LCGKsRjNzt8_TJ2d-OSw3YLGEpijZzLNYVZy4M_NZ4TUSOl_pW8NcURs_/s320/D4PuU68U0AA6Jun.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9R6yRb4cWyxWcClLkSnpJwP2UPwl8BEll-usc9h3_mVqh88mfkAK-uawga4OZK2ls-sAB0bZAE7w-AFfcZ7hBL2SVj8ghQcugLUwED9JgbJqD20ndl8ydQGxZJQ4QC2jzpjmn/s1600/D4PuU-WUcAIpNAE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9R6yRb4cWyxWcClLkSnpJwP2UPwl8BEll-usc9h3_mVqh88mfkAK-uawga4OZK2ls-sAB0bZAE7w-AFfcZ7hBL2SVj8ghQcugLUwED9JgbJqD20ndl8ydQGxZJQ4QC2jzpjmn/s320/D4PuU-WUcAIpNAE.jpg" width="239" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaaWXujD-NVq5lcSfoRPbWQvlzL2qwHP8oyZw3QEhNR1AYNqN5xYIVwKZEJLwZN3kK8spTodhlT-PyQcYRIlD2fj2u5SASCrSd248meX2Lp_upyZaPtMwYMCgigXryNpcE61Mx/s1600/D4PuVBaU4AA79P_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaaWXujD-NVq5lcSfoRPbWQvlzL2qwHP8oyZw3QEhNR1AYNqN5xYIVwKZEJLwZN3kK8spTodhlT-PyQcYRIlD2fj2u5SASCrSd248meX2Lp_upyZaPtMwYMCgigXryNpcE61Mx/s320/D4PuVBaU4AA79P_.jpg" width="239" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Space Harrier Sheet Music. Note that game was called 'Heli' at this stage, as the fantasy theme had not yet been adopted.</span></b></div>
<br />
Synthesizers used to compose the melodies included the Yamaha DX-7 for Space Harrier and the <a href="https://twitter.com/Hiro_H10th/status/413142029057536000">Yamaha PSR-70 for AfterBurner</a>. The sheet music was manually transcribed into Macro Music Language for the audio engine to process. This took the format of the note, followed by its length (e.g. C-4, L4, A#4, L8). Once assembled, the actual audio could be tested on hardware. Needless to say this would have been a time consuming process.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvnPWhKsk2ZkY5BDZ2DBaUXVRhi-18tthEuNjDuvwSQGGn5EgStaZQmTnsoBZhB4KAhpjVeDF3u0K3XrLWBGCWR4OCWXfA-51vzIbXv3jkRDgy85hMUQgbs3wy5GSrquiSCd4x/s1600/DyShrfoU8AIWTJe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvnPWhKsk2ZkY5BDZ2DBaUXVRhi-18tthEuNjDuvwSQGGn5EgStaZQmTnsoBZhB4KAhpjVeDF3u0K3XrLWBGCWR4OCWXfA-51vzIbXv3jkRDgy85hMUQgbs3wy5GSrquiSCd4x/s400/DyShrfoU8AIWTJe.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Hiro's ROM cartridges for the Yamaha DX-7 Synthesizer</span></b></div>
<br />
For the arcade games of this era, sound comprised lo-fi 8-bit samples used for voices, drums and sound effects. The samples were paired with a YM sound source (typically a Yamaha YM2203 or YM2151 chip), mostly used for melodies. YM sounds could be created and edited with an audio editor, which ensured each game had its own style, despite sharing audio hardware. For example, AfterBurner's 'Final Take Off' uses the YM to drive the melodies, but the overlaid guitars are in fact samples.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR6JbANjU9W_VAUKlGotmT_7nHYQfIYsXUj7a3sW-xbwujCbcOseY4B_QqN3FrhKRr2GpEaaChHbgru5MRZ4wzohcqvdFKbfnYG0gnTiFv1LxQAzI0SVeiTq6lU3jZkirzI1TL/s1600/DyzeOWWVYAEDMr1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR6JbANjU9W_VAUKlGotmT_7nHYQfIYsXUj7a3sW-xbwujCbcOseY4B_QqN3FrhKRr2GpEaaChHbgru5MRZ4wzohcqvdFKbfnYG0gnTiFv1LxQAzI0SVeiTq6lU3jZkirzI1TL/s400/DyzeOWWVYAEDMr1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Data was saved to 8 inch floppy disk</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">s.</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The following labels read 'OutRun 2' in reference to the revision of the music, as opposed to being anything to do with OutRun's sequel. I wonder if the earlier revisions of the OutRun music still exist?</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9u6-5CfOv-6aOHvko5wbVKm_fi8QYilR1U8YObp1qcUD14TWnMrnrkCCOisElXcdgAKeCNR6q8d86c1kqf2cxE4gvbBVoz5X6w3xs7KfgsJJdqgifJKWfcd0FEqzatHlzPBEX/s1600/Dyx9yIjUUAAqB11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9u6-5CfOv-6aOHvko5wbVKm_fi8QYilR1U8YObp1qcUD14TWnMrnrkCCOisElXcdgAKeCNR6q8d86c1kqf2cxE4gvbBVoz5X6w3xs7KfgsJJdqgifJKWfcd0FEqzatHlzPBEX/s400/Dyx9yIjUUAAqB11.jpg" width="298" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjM0Q7ToOXWhPKQF_Rp7NQa6rzis3XmtVM9BszqSJvBQu-oFVEyIZNmj5N-rUXGijmKV6CpTgXDbvuwdd49KJl5I2ZOdoWicN7zfgDdUeTdMzkjLXJ86yN30FUzHRGWhPYGnXC/s1600/DyysXUhUUAECpgb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjM0Q7ToOXWhPKQF_Rp7NQa6rzis3XmtVM9BszqSJvBQu-oFVEyIZNmj5N-rUXGijmKV6CpTgXDbvuwdd49KJl5I2ZOdoWicN7zfgDdUeTdMzkjLXJ86yN30FUzHRGWhPYGnXC/s400/DyysXUhUUAECpgb.jpg" width="298" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="text-align: left;"><b>OutRun's </b>'Passing Breeze' was initially named 'Passing Wind', until someone pointed out the flatulence reference. So the disk below must date from the end of the development process!</span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlOHBGUAPudLNToc-35YBGt_9TZseKVLdt1y3AmFTMA2D1IpgLOafFvpVBJz1WAxMcvd_AhWD7D6PR2QX1XmxFevbx5FEvP0BenCKfejix7dvmd7UIug9HyN2Wk2UktaeFXR4i/s1600/DyzbEtdVAAE6sPB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlOHBGUAPudLNToc-35YBGt_9TZseKVLdt1y3AmFTMA2D1IpgLOafFvpVBJz1WAxMcvd_AhWD7D6PR2QX1XmxFevbx5FEvP0BenCKfejix7dvmd7UIug9HyN2Wk2UktaeFXR4i/s400/DyzbEtdVAAE6sPB.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>AfterBurner </b>was aptly referred to as 'Top Gun' during development, and the final audio program code appears to have been named TG.HEX. Some of the disks are dated 9th September 1987. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTwNjMRZ1lmb7Zf2xCo9bdv1F1_nhCmAuWIvH1O-Eh3l8bpKNV8GyUfsiuiC0i0YhwWBvcpVwrWVrITN2zYY_mNp7X_mOZKzYK1TzJ1rusp9RkFGYYP_E1ET5JpkOhTXvZCS5Z/s1600/DyzUfcQVYAoGGdy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTwNjMRZ1lmb7Zf2xCo9bdv1F1_nhCmAuWIvH1O-Eh3l8bpKNV8GyUfsiuiC0i0YhwWBvcpVwrWVrITN2zYY_mNp7X_mOZKzYK1TzJ1rusp9RkFGYYP_E1ET5JpkOhTXvZCS5Z/s400/DyzUfcQVYAoGGdy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZvihGP8avXQ-1R5tl1e7b8fDUlgJ4KV8quJZ6FhjufSzEYr_otNFdATJqYEpLsxnMOPX8RnTa41fqvklrvob0X20FQIe7LsjxAZz9Q6hIl7u1viOH_uRddhfWAVtuSpItldb-/s1600/DyzUSU2VAAAT0xE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZvihGP8avXQ-1R5tl1e7b8fDUlgJ4KV8quJZ6FhjufSzEYr_otNFdATJqYEpLsxnMOPX8RnTa41fqvklrvob0X20FQIe7LsjxAZz9Q6hIl7u1viOH_uRddhfWAVtuSpItldb-/s400/DyzUSU2VAAAT0xE.jpg" width="298" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLZNhsvl0x3FwdNxOHQX92cC55lmSpnQquJLHRaBnDPvIVUNlwFol18P07RjYdb-YTK_C68jrHG1Fdl65dzFDG1EIGIyIA_-Ysqx_VKmTTDtIF7V0jqYClE5wOlYbfzovoL9Ia/s1600/DyzUce1VAAAcLBz.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLZNhsvl0x3FwdNxOHQX92cC55lmSpnQquJLHRaBnDPvIVUNlwFol18P07RjYdb-YTK_C68jrHG1Fdl65dzFDG1EIGIyIA_-Ysqx_VKmTTDtIF7V0jqYClE5wOlYbfzovoL9Ia/s400/DyzUce1VAAAcLBz.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQQXc-KdZqliYWtvVI1dyB6oNvQRs7wpvTxG4Fm1VKEUS9ayhSzRB_s9_m9mRo-8MMhc4ojRABwu_Sqrnn_T_e7w2ckbR1b9Stn2IyZK-VVVCGxkEMASbEd8vsJf87POlqM8BU/s1600/DyzUhGLU8AA3qKm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQQXc-KdZqliYWtvVI1dyB6oNvQRs7wpvTxG4Fm1VKEUS9ayhSzRB_s9_m9mRo-8MMhc4ojRABwu_Sqrnn_T_e7w2ckbR1b9Stn2IyZK-VVVCGxkEMASbEd8vsJf87POlqM8BU/s400/DyzUhGLU8AA3qKm.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="text-align: left;">It appears that data was transferred over the years between 8 inch floppy, through to 5.25 and 3.5 inch floppy for preservation. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4cRYska4s-hGzugeqO06z_-jtn_ShPrUSJl22gfK-AFjOY3JOsDR9WWE6CMJHn6UB2Nrj6PfKceg9zpczsIG1cMqIU3wKKNLummvff9TVbg7W7icWY9nMLIMkOzl4X6nO98zk/s1600/DyzNTgnUUAEgqvC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4cRYska4s-hGzugeqO06z_-jtn_ShPrUSJl22gfK-AFjOY3JOsDR9WWE6CMJHn6UB2Nrj6PfKceg9zpczsIG1cMqIU3wKKNLummvff9TVbg7W7icWY9nMLIMkOzl4X6nO98zk/s640/DyzNTgnUUAEgqvC.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1jeX3TRkL9fwMrZpWRmMoWj0PFoALl3Tu_oBFrRjzEd9bWsZ9g7MDL5WvTlyaujC8B8Pd14Zl8eQCB7FsgIC7BUzSf7G1pkJPAu0iS5NYaWsKdUFqCuMeTBr6X-UOVKOwjqSZ/s1600/DvaM7DSVYAEHHse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1jeX3TRkL9fwMrZpWRmMoWj0PFoALl3Tu_oBFrRjzEd9bWsZ9g7MDL5WvTlyaujC8B8Pd14Zl8eQCB7FsgIC7BUzSf7G1pkJPAu0iS5NYaWsKdUFqCuMeTBr6X-UOVKOwjqSZ/s320/DvaM7DSVYAEHHse.jpg" width="238" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN4j9SIlGmhNl7WBcHnoV8FLn4i3knNvhsn51H31s3LM2o4BGJQKmYbh2aDmH-dEFpMKOGgnHOccQAXflBzc3uHuQ8i-pxGfU_i4BzPKPBcrrrjKBHt9thM2Ite8-LQUq4koGF/s1600/DvaM7DUVAAAgbf1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN4j9SIlGmhNl7WBcHnoV8FLn4i3knNvhsn51H31s3LM2o4BGJQKmYbh2aDmH-dEFpMKOGgnHOccQAXflBzc3uHuQ8i-pxGfU_i4BzPKPBcrrrjKBHt9thM2Ite8-LQUq4koGF/s320/DvaM7DUVAAAgbf1.jpg" width="238" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Here we can see the list of commands Power Drift's main 68k program code needed to send to the Z80 Sub program in order to trigger the relevant sound. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5iODuo59_VVTYhOJUaUU_iTwhW9g70r8HIdyeHSsg0qTOHvEQABXIMp_H5e0e1XiGfvNJAZYXY0Yu_ZEAXYpgZ6WVAbp0UiRmO3YgCJU-r8YRpCqzPDBITFD5T7x3YJNtC85U/s1600/DvaM7DSVsAAlcT6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5iODuo59_VVTYhOJUaUU_iTwhW9g70r8HIdyeHSsg0qTOHvEQABXIMp_H5e0e1XiGfvNJAZYXY0Yu_ZEAXYpgZ6WVAbp0UiRmO3YgCJU-r8YRpCqzPDBITFD5T7x3YJNtC85U/s640/DvaM7DSVsAAlcT6.jpg" width="476" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcSiyVM3DZvXE8i99koclfzd0mojO2m46rTX3OB5h2nX4OuwjCVbZhrghKprTLsEAX554UxOmuXSiuzGhEi9h5wf0B3PuiC0YgFi7gDE7J3UurG2nv8bB3bJXUH1iHKi3DTJsM/s1600/DvaM7DTUUAA46xg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcSiyVM3DZvXE8i99koclfzd0mojO2m46rTX3OB5h2nX4OuwjCVbZhrghKprTLsEAX554UxOmuXSiuzGhEi9h5wf0B3PuiC0YgFi7gDE7J3UurG2nv8bB3bJXUH1iHKi3DTJsM/s640/DvaM7DTUUAA46xg.jpg" width="476" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6cTVsKh4D0ryfNAcqAd3WnWYEh6HdCddu7KmBWVIHGL4n5OoOCogpQ4H-nuHoki0JRwEfk3D6slw82zUIUu3W9wnfM95mVkzz8GVNxODbXKrXqyvqrFZf64S5Kc4rVG9-H7QN/s1600/DvQ784tUUAYZywv.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0uh4GeYvo6LNv8dnEuGfA1LSnkWsX5-9eltl6zVmzwTqI9HMbDB99Cl95pcWrs6OaXxl9A6PZM46CYPrUGm8HgdQNcmxIaBIlF1UgDWPmU4vOb9YRBlRgM7Uc6qEVL64Q4zN5/s1600/DyzIUXqUYAAcF2g.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1196" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0uh4GeYvo6LNv8dnEuGfA1LSnkWsX5-9eltl6zVmzwTqI9HMbDB99Cl95pcWrs6OaXxl9A6PZM46CYPrUGm8HgdQNcmxIaBIlF1UgDWPmU4vOb9YRBlRgM7Uc6qEVL64Q4zN5/s640/DyzIUXqUYAAcF2g.jpg" width="476" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="text-align: left;">The final Power Drift master. Later on Digital Audio Tapes (DAT) replaced reel-to-reel recordings. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6cTVsKh4D0ryfNAcqAd3WnWYEh6HdCddu7KmBWVIHGL4n5OoOCogpQ4H-nuHoki0JRwEfk3D6slw82zUIUu3W9wnfM95mVkzz8GVNxODbXKrXqyvqrFZf64S5Kc4rVG9-H7QN/s1600/DvQ784tUUAYZywv.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6cTVsKh4D0ryfNAcqAd3WnWYEh6HdCddu7KmBWVIHGL4n5OoOCogpQ4H-nuHoki0JRwEfk3D6slw82zUIUu3W9wnfM95mVkzz8GVNxODbXKrXqyvqrFZf64S5Kc4rVG9-H7QN/s400/DvQ784tUUAYZywv.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinJCJwwR2KBSonMoY7N7dsKG441w6d6XXeEmLPyLGSZ1rJAovPFoh5lpjo0Qeaelg0RZCD00_LiwcHm59VhlDQRjFU3sv3KFyi14GHpH4MMXBCC6Ne4e6svljMcguU_8wiM9Dw/s1600/DvQ79IxU8AAsFxX.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1600" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinJCJwwR2KBSonMoY7N7dsKG441w6d6XXeEmLPyLGSZ1rJAovPFoh5lpjo0Qeaelg0RZCD00_LiwcHm59VhlDQRjFU3sv3KFyi14GHpH4MMXBCC6Ne4e6svljMcguU_8wiM9Dw/s400/DvQ79IxU8AAsFxX.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-33004198316150352392019-07-12T09:23:00.001+01:002020-02-25T17:15:59.378+00:00AfterBurner City Cabinet<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This popped up on Yahoo auctions and I thought it was worth preserving here. In Japan, Sega appear to have released an official conversion kit to turn a generic Sega City cabinet into AfterBurner.<br />
<br />
City cabinets are relatively small (580 x 715 x 1000 mm) and at only 60kg, less than half the weight of a normal upright AfterBurner.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_64Voeu-GLpnvh24MCZiW7bNtvYB5enQNC_k91sVGtCjCCNBJ7HRbrWX2s-3V2hNyqf7KSMGs05Xc49gi77dgRpEE87CG5Ba-2XEJ0XguFpm69ia1FNvXSt2MsEcym_HX4Xyd/s1600/i-img640x640-1562840294e7hvqg256.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_64Voeu-GLpnvh24MCZiW7bNtvYB5enQNC_k91sVGtCjCCNBJ7HRbrWX2s-3V2hNyqf7KSMGs05Xc49gi77dgRpEE87CG5Ba-2XEJ0XguFpm69ia1FNvXSt2MsEcym_HX4Xyd/s1600/i-img640x640-1562840294e7hvqg256.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKg7ONGm3c6co3rHcuVarBUSiUsWEY1HnPpQW2vvCdpTNGNtMZlhZJaNO4sroNi1RKmZY6i9hxB1hO1UvyXLzsolAqWkA6Z-PJOKuNrfqfceyfMUyxLc_qBOkC_sxVYWIdfHQQ/s1600/i-img640x640-1562840294m0fzr9256.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKg7ONGm3c6co3rHcuVarBUSiUsWEY1HnPpQW2vvCdpTNGNtMZlhZJaNO4sroNi1RKmZY6i9hxB1hO1UvyXLzsolAqWkA6Z-PJOKuNrfqfceyfMUyxLc_qBOkC_sxVYWIdfHQQ/s1600/i-img640x640-1562840294m0fzr9256.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihwXe6SWZdMNXP1DzWA_Yb2KfJ46xndu8gcKSkQhmGR1nykAU90-EGEpYB_wJxOKnynA7QfoYLyJwa4XjLG9bJetksSrsbJb5TWBErmAoxt4zo5_syGcM0igbf9kM_f7dRxKFV/s1600/i-img640x640-1562840294xensld256.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihwXe6SWZdMNXP1DzWA_Yb2KfJ46xndu8gcKSkQhmGR1nykAU90-EGEpYB_wJxOKnynA7QfoYLyJwa4XjLG9bJetksSrsbJb5TWBErmAoxt4zo5_syGcM0igbf9kM_f7dRxKFV/s1600/i-img640x640-1562840294xensld256.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio6w08U5o1LlHAVVLgXFVyb99_vHrX4bspfST7Nd8mBNo2-lurx7gjvLX79O-1NjZWZRiRMdxCYguCDGlmI8vKjJcUwUWpJn8dpkIJERo4qfotBLnm_SBTmWbc1K8Un4jciM6P/s1600/i-img640x640-15628402944aezr6256.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio6w08U5o1LlHAVVLgXFVyb99_vHrX4bspfST7Nd8mBNo2-lurx7gjvLX79O-1NjZWZRiRMdxCYguCDGlmI8vKjJcUwUWpJn8dpkIJERo4qfotBLnm_SBTmWbc1K8Un4jciM6P/s1600/i-img640x640-15628402944aezr6256.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb7Z4xOZakwXiO_ar_uGS4LnfWc68e7yNzaeuZUAJsUQtyysKPcmRUHJbkSdqnrZzcO5BfdU-fTYd9EeS2XzN5o7Hn94HrYuBeGj2CNcMvVd4q7GpDxMP6O7dSCEc_H4lSE8Rh/s1600/i-img640x640-1562840294luuqhu256.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb7Z4xOZakwXiO_ar_uGS4LnfWc68e7yNzaeuZUAJsUQtyysKPcmRUHJbkSdqnrZzcO5BfdU-fTYd9EeS2XzN5o7Hn94HrYuBeGj2CNcMvVd4q7GpDxMP6O7dSCEc_H4lSE8Rh/s1600/i-img640x640-1562840294luuqhu256.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicLHVt4rU77USO6q9GVnkFTRpplKk5UjsxhMlLnPUNKr7CQFY-6qsWoL5OHWqq6zzygws0oEpRJXgqJmXlVhjCXlpcKTEFOLoHD7hcfksahF2HwUVPQFiJKXg4laywDH82YnGo/s1600/i-img640x640-156284029452hpjy256.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicLHVt4rU77USO6q9GVnkFTRpplKk5UjsxhMlLnPUNKr7CQFY-6qsWoL5OHWqq6zzygws0oEpRJXgqJmXlVhjCXlpcKTEFOLoHD7hcfksahF2HwUVPQFiJKXg4laywDH82YnGo/s1600/i-img640x640-156284029452hpjy256.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXdWZJRlbn1f-uF-NGzw64EXm4DPZhPxfh3h1cr6c4utuv6YrMmME-T0ZCv7k5Ky7M9ybw1-4n442Z3OWUHzBc5eqhYk8ISXvGx3wTkQknG5gk3HaUbp-zD4wXe88GF6GjX_MQ/s1600/i-img640x640-1562840294besqx3256.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXdWZJRlbn1f-uF-NGzw64EXm4DPZhPxfh3h1cr6c4utuv6YrMmME-T0ZCv7k5Ky7M9ybw1-4n442Z3OWUHzBc5eqhYk8ISXvGx3wTkQknG5gk3HaUbp-zD4wXe88GF6GjX_MQ/s1600/i-img640x640-1562840294besqx3256.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
Here is a low-resolution promotional image of this cabinet, including the header, from Yu Suzuki GameWorks Vol. 1.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil4petH3eWqHFza4vP-_zkPJrxw3exYZ45nGDaGp0bENF0qrAN8VJCgvhbh-cR5Ua3gB0PCHqkmDN4dIBlQrH9LbI7yID-i2nfRaBD_0kpH7LqooGZE0BJV_BylIxGbeW2ezVJ/s1600/ab_header.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="448" data-original-width="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil4petH3eWqHFza4vP-_zkPJrxw3exYZ45nGDaGp0bENF0qrAN8VJCgvhbh-cR5Ua3gB0PCHqkmDN4dIBlQrH9LbI7yID-i2nfRaBD_0kpH7LqooGZE0BJV_BylIxGbeW2ezVJ/s1600/ab_header.PNG" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-8677239540089507062019-02-10T15:36:00.000+00:002020-05-19T13:55:59.127+01:00Sega Game Cards<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Western arcade gamers were accustomed to overflowing pockets of loose change, but Japanese arcade centres had a more elegant solution: Game Cards. These were magnetic cards, similar to Japanese phonecards of the era, pre-loaded with credits and read by a card reader attached to the arcade cabinet. As the card was used, the reader punched holes to denote the number of credits used.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDSKLTo4Lu_2BX6b0-XOfCqXQHWemjflhTPHc9g7MKRufcDpgwAtDrG1DfdVHGrg-ZdH8BrQ-TpqzAspvK-UJK0CR_QCroDpDrd2-t609SnY93xlc2Gd1q9k3MedZM6dlc_rRH/s1600/packaging.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="739" data-original-width="946" height="499" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDSKLTo4Lu_2BX6b0-XOfCqXQHWemjflhTPHc9g7MKRufcDpgwAtDrG1DfdVHGrg-ZdH8BrQ-TpqzAspvK-UJK0CR_QCroDpDrd2-t609SnY93xlc2Gd1q9k3MedZM6dlc_rRH/s640/packaging.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
The system was introduced in October 1986 at Hi-Tech Land, Kanada. Two types of card were common: 500 cards provided 12 credits and 1000 cards 24 credits. Most games were set to 2 credits per play, although this was variable. For ¥500 you therefore gained credits and a collectible card to keep.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkFWzMUooKxfaXrxfKAgQlDNITy7ZqeJ0QuaL8UaHZtlIjrQ52q5EQAQNk5bT1qIImGbKYPvhCXW6fBZap2SoBeCpcKkZoMgZhBszEnH-rMQXdvu5cgoHxVjHuLWutnQqk8Y77/s1600/game_cards3.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="519" data-original-width="901" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkFWzMUooKxfaXrxfKAgQlDNITy7ZqeJ0QuaL8UaHZtlIjrQ52q5EQAQNk5bT1qIImGbKYPvhCXW6fBZap2SoBeCpcKkZoMgZhBszEnH-rMQXdvu5cgoHxVjHuLWutnQqk8Y77/s640/game_cards3.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Game Card Creation & Vending System</span></b></div>
<br />
Cards were branded by game, but could be used with any compatible machine. It was common for game centres to add their personal branding to the cards and many variants exist. The system was reportedly not successful in the long-term (source: Sega Arcade History).<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3pwqp1x_ic9lVzeBUp5ZpzKuNSHv8btZ7w1kZngAeAYXaqSdYYeaaRoLfW_vxcxGY7UHlI5AX928JjunwJKH6yiiA0B-psDB2KufrMLM8W4CiFY01dJ5bLwTjurULL9_Qaa70/s1600/game_cards2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="374" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3pwqp1x_ic9lVzeBUp5ZpzKuNSHv8btZ7w1kZngAeAYXaqSdYYeaaRoLfW_vxcxGY7UHlI5AX928JjunwJKH6yiiA0B-psDB2KufrMLM8W4CiFY01dJ5bLwTjurULL9_Qaa70/s400/game_cards2.PNG" width="187" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLU0voZu9e96svK0jKmQyOgS0UN7tG4V-f4KWgq4lzviNbhZs0BD0i2AqHbMy6BBmoJCRbwDjz2uMa68PX1p-6PLnt4KUTNxH1TD126Ik5kiym0FXWmuBwmwKh13W-ZUaWVV6J/s1600/game_cards.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="687" data-original-width="319" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLU0voZu9e96svK0jKmQyOgS0UN7tG4V-f4KWgq4lzviNbhZs0BD0i2AqHbMy6BBmoJCRbwDjz2uMa68PX1p-6PLnt4KUTNxH1TD126Ik5kiym0FXWmuBwmwKh13W-ZUaWVV6J/s400/game_cards.PNG" width="185" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Card vender & cabinets with card readers</span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNm1lgVgr2nmlyg8PTcfAXlK_kyU5_ff_Z_uabqsgNfkFsMMUm3G6Uj6WbgeB81n9OsWc_neruJJWDqqbIPJ8byokNhdcRHti1TV_eelhuoPMdhA8NDs5kT7svWoclmY0LWFNE/s1600/game_cards7.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="535" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNm1lgVgr2nmlyg8PTcfAXlK_kyU5_ff_Z_uabqsgNfkFsMMUm3G6Uj6WbgeB81n9OsWc_neruJJWDqqbIPJ8byokNhdcRHti1TV_eelhuoPMdhA8NDs5kT7svWoclmY0LWFNE/s1600/game_cards7.PNG" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Trade Show Image: Everything you need to manufacture your own game cards!</span></b></div>
<br />
The Sega cards were numbered as follows. I'll complete missing entries as I find out more information.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>1 SPACE HARRIER </b>(Number not shown on card)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>2 FANTASY ZONE</b> (Number not shown on card)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdXnrYHCGNheu1AQP5fMaaUitQ9wZ5NlEl-wMDcPCUX6pJJvEoSfC_PRppJlyM6M8DGb2sJOJqU2tQ8-QXjmtR0XOAKI1yPNRQ-P-jccNr2kd_xCYSyfr42Y4OCym_v3FlDFZu/s1600/01_space_harrier_front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="561" data-original-width="385" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdXnrYHCGNheu1AQP5fMaaUitQ9wZ5NlEl-wMDcPCUX6pJJvEoSfC_PRppJlyM6M8DGb2sJOJqU2tQ8-QXjmtR0XOAKI1yPNRQ-P-jccNr2kd_xCYSyfr42Y4OCym_v3FlDFZu/s320/01_space_harrier_front.jpg" width="219" /><b style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><img border="0" data-original-height="902" data-original-width="709" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFm5RmEklrPtJkjH__cigP-Ufci9uyRtCYUgAVHbaZRe-ezn0kB1Y4yyEuzVTXcNmIqBSEC-RoUfXd25laAjE8eTAa05uOIy91IUnk11OKkwUP0kj58OAVhQK_Df6pyefL4svh/s320/02_fantasy_zone.jpg" width="251" /></b></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>3 OUTRUN</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="305" data-original-width="537" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK08BIG60b9P139vA-o3koYAMARxXAZG1gt9BRet1Xc_1347xGNlwQj2RDrj5p4mBoqx2fXBRuaxygmj2zVP4qqWOVUdTf9Eo4xOP2dMCRChmYWHCVTR0wMegLB9aO2_5Op3eR/s400/03_outrun.png" width="400" /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>4 ALEX KIDD</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="446" data-original-width="286" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwIABqtTMpkY907TIEVbrHWlhd9ZJ-pd5bXvtxJtYp-4i6zkvh_QlsNhVA4Y1Ksb-pcmGZtMAF1sbdkqib-1ke4HvRlkVQLccxP9KsmNOBpEw8qVtHImCGHLe5DV0HcE0WDuUB/s320/04_alex_kidd.png" width="204" /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>5 SUPER HANG-ON </b>(1000 version)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="562" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdQaoi18W7874rqkau_HmPVRYaE7yt6_lrtMuhVHlNswQ6l3tUpNzFfntIrcbfM2Mi5lIN7bpbTxz8D4HGRkO-55sqmY1AHBhYKEnm1Esae0kyg2xq7D4e2d2-3IXvqPeomlDx/s400/05_sho.png" width="400" /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>6 DUNK SHOT</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="991" data-original-width="775" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0hyD1MrAHuI37-XsnWzDia5rhoZcPTric48QyqkdiwYi37eKjJYcLM1fq6gMh6VXKaclfcQhiMmj4wpa6IuSTI2m73BB4QSzqyepOYnZsb-39KLL-DPsqX7PH6F5VBJLPkZwt/s320/06_dunk_shot.JPG" width="250" /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>7 </b><b>SUPER HANG-ON </b>(500 version)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="608" data-original-width="972" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl0_l0NJbIt7dW5Pl5Reuq-jSO-5es2OZRBfNsArWbIbUiMBrZf8VHSQ208JBiGI22dYKzcp17ROErFTWiYqUKBxocvS_HhmQdC5Auok5gjQDP9xX3UL1hjwme15Ux4Nx7kGHf/s400/07_sho.jpg" width="400" /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>8 AFTERBURNER</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLXm5-pinSbtNUo8zJn0Irv_6vzTm7MeFt0TZE1zoCeRGuSghKtvGPszHO5NK3jwNv3qzYC9o4uFnhN625HFkuNHRTLZN8om0GhvOl5IFb0Z3Bb6TViHElxUAXlVz4442dCgku/s1600/08_afterburner.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="638" data-original-width="1011" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLXm5-pinSbtNUo8zJn0Irv_6vzTm7MeFt0TZE1zoCeRGuSghKtvGPszHO5NK3jwNv3qzYC9o4uFnhN625HFkuNHRTLZN8om0GhvOl5IFb0Z3Bb6TViHElxUAXlVz4442dCgku/s400/08_afterburner.JPG" width="400" /></a><b style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>9 SUPER LEAGUE</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92XdUwQHG2fycpiAOJJv2VfbOV3gG9VFRFRCVes5Zg3O58rpVHwUKJA7mUWVVnAifs8WaooUa9-oGTez_YdPGGuAf6NzFkCygqQa9AcKRLQLn1n5bjbxhR61GY_E5RrSSLV0O/s1600/09_super_league_front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="348" data-original-width="592" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92XdUwQHG2fycpiAOJJv2VfbOV3gG9VFRFRCVes5Zg3O58rpVHwUKJA7mUWVVnAifs8WaooUa9-oGTez_YdPGGuAf6NzFkCygqQa9AcKRLQLn1n5bjbxhR61GY_E5RrSSLV0O/s400/09_super_league_front.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>10 HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMP</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbN4gAMcZ981Xj3BSLxZUtT78kVpEnllB5mSpdeHEqC4gtn205zbQkN9K5-pc4uSuQJKfbBvreEbpjLgHiT3_a-aVzuAhwUHgi-LVK1Meze4zBNtGN1sVvd8n7tk2Gq4icd97C/s1600/10_heavyweight_champ_front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="364" data-original-width="615" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbN4gAMcZ981Xj3BSLxZUtT78kVpEnllB5mSpdeHEqC4gtn205zbQkN9K5-pc4uSuQJKfbBvreEbpjLgHiT3_a-aVzuAhwUHgi-LVK1Meze4zBNtGN1sVvd8n7tk2Gq4icd97C/s400/10_heavyweight_champ_front.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>11 THUNDER BLADE</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="477" data-original-width="300" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDXTDL5loS2bQfvKI_VnJbQHOs8J2E9fVpRsTmwM-GRHe5BdWAKDZMFCIobYBBwwCMatwlOMvJYa8KokxiX-UB89k43gjEWK4wwZN98OY8SoNtn1A9MyNUU6WKk1XNfgo-Xd35/s320/11_thunderblade.png" width="201" /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>12 HOT ROD</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="332" data-original-width="590" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8GahP4vmLEk0SL9hTFwTeLHmfINV-j00vnfTM9FE2GROGCNOlN4lrLr6YkqJA4THupx4JMYuWhcVrldoOWUFwVqWs06AaMAqXAB3ZfooBVzETwWOtmPbvA1Ax4U1Y2si2jb7x/s400/12_hodrod_front.jpg" width="400" /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>13 GALAXY FORCE II</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="295" data-original-width="466" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlnU1cSI7xVx_NtclmuY-YjDp6UnLIFIc4Kl0fQn_a_XyTNEwaNphZNWl9nUVZixteoZJLDbT1rLQbUzMXxyQmK7bbP4w3Wqnpem8pPfYhOrq1UYtXpJW17gyAU2TYJzF2vQhx/s400/13_galaxy_force.png" width="400" /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>14 POWER DRIFT</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="620" data-original-width="1000" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwQKy5LTaHDYxAcvQeCRLrc-7n3aszpj2MCLQA_pNTibw246cneZL3dDGsBgU3vJfmFFn8Qg4eA5RjJgzu-1O2ez8usZajk5bKdUFziAzhofWu4Ye2IFugcnn6HEta6LAdbRMX/s400/14_power_drift.JPG" width="400" /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>15 UNKNOWN</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>16 UNKNOWN</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>17 TURBO OUTRUN</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6gh8URYAyWJbC2em0zzibsezSHJFWFflsECRyzhYy9uM0PE8qYSqlQefEZdWF7o7tboiehaIdUIqhA1fuFh2wg9z9CWBznb-ZaWoNC0jS3f3fWfqDF7FF2Oy_BcAvQNSsLLYY/s1600/17_turbo_outrun.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1200" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6gh8URYAyWJbC2em0zzibsezSHJFWFflsECRyzhYy9uM0PE8qYSqlQefEZdWF7o7tboiehaIdUIqhA1fuFh2wg9z9CWBznb-ZaWoNC0jS3f3fWfqDF7FF2Oy_BcAvQNSsLLYY/s400/17_turbo_outrun.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<b>18 SUPER MONACO GP</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTPMtsb8Z2a9cgIbP0KWNLcl5b4XH6jZjSzr5-6sx6VCEhz9n7VSD-B05771GNvPRbBjK5WaOgjhoVKYkYXC_CX0LYlG0otWSL9bqwqbOUPOyRLnaWNwDFvh0JAZCsxwSotMqb/s1600/18_supermonaco_gp_front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="356" data-original-width="590" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTPMtsb8Z2a9cgIbP0KWNLcl5b4XH6jZjSzr5-6sx6VCEhz9n7VSD-B05771GNvPRbBjK5WaOgjhoVKYkYXC_CX0LYlG0otWSL9bqwqbOUPOyRLnaWNwDFvh0JAZCsxwSotMqb/s400/18_supermonaco_gp_front.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b>19 G-LOC</b> (1000 Version)<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU7rCM-kfdx-UQ5HQg1jWJ7eUN8KiA3oTaFLHf63QCWdNiZ7XOdlelaikjTJ_1ejMPHKeY1bshMsB0ItnxjSRxjYOtd3-9LL9Ay71J3NFJnoPY6LwOKArX7apaWi9ZG62pGpd4/s1600/19_gloc_front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="353" data-original-width="591" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU7rCM-kfdx-UQ5HQg1jWJ7eUN8KiA3oTaFLHf63QCWdNiZ7XOdlelaikjTJ_1ejMPHKeY1bshMsB0ItnxjSRxjYOtd3-9LL9Ay71J3NFJnoPY6LwOKArX7apaWi9ZG62pGpd4/s400/19_gloc_front.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b>20 G-LOC </b>(500 Version)<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihhKeeXRTxb-GCTlsdL4bXAw_PkYjS_sMCBPWvoVLSxghS8gNGCcqaqNyLBts6IKOPJ7nZYL0te89bA1AYTg5_iRgj7EVTm8CxKQeptjWj0TO5SZsBeFyBp_IvDuwX7amTqpaD/s1600/20_gloc_front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="335" data-original-width="575" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihhKeeXRTxb-GCTlsdL4bXAw_PkYjS_sMCBPWvoVLSxghS8gNGCcqaqNyLBts6IKOPJ7nZYL0te89bA1AYTg5_iRgj7EVTm8CxKQeptjWj0TO5SZsBeFyBp_IvDuwX7amTqpaD/s400/20_gloc_front.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b>21 R-360</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzheK8qiIoAIWjqtHG4e1mX7N0W8HVVROx5LL0ledTvndaqsWkjxzJz4BDEozPThzQ3VAaIu477IEHh_2o1KmZofHwnTketUHqcR3EQl701KNq9xubP_iU4jaWJFXvwmkDysyU/s1600/21_r360.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="312" data-original-width="549" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzheK8qiIoAIWjqtHG4e1mX7N0W8HVVROx5LL0ledTvndaqsWkjxzJz4BDEozPThzQ3VAaIu477IEHh_2o1KmZofHwnTketUHqcR3EQl701KNq9xubP_iU4jaWJFXvwmkDysyU/s400/21_r360.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
<b><br /></b>
Cards were also available exclusively at the AM and AOU trade shows from Sega booths. Some example follow.<br />
<br />
<b>24th AM SHOW (OUTRUN & HOTROD)</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26GN8ekwwLOxDhpz643uPlwca3OsX1xMvE55H3Cg85qBaPHNlA3f1Fj3QrULT9Lwe0SMXG1oeMvTy9ukHOI6FGi7w_BmIhtHvv5F10721hmRWbbEECmqVVMPJlYAJSKxv3Jdg/s1600/24th_am_show.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="610" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj26GN8ekwwLOxDhpz643uPlwca3OsX1xMvE55H3Cg85qBaPHNlA3f1Fj3QrULT9Lwe0SMXG1oeMvTy9ukHOI6FGi7w_BmIhtHvv5F10721hmRWbbEECmqVVMPJlYAJSKxv3Jdg/s400/24th_am_show.jpg" width="313" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG4e62_8eSLz2-f-xBDmLq19rLgJpm5XvUUVBH1y_ZHi28fa6Qn-fa7W5dFMlF856icG3AW1jocITaCSOH5Pyw43p-OvujOJl_aUqkaly1KGy55LSjvgwEGhQJAc7mPB4ciT25/s1600/24th_am_show_hotrod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="288" data-original-width="469" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG4e62_8eSLz2-f-xBDmLq19rLgJpm5XvUUVBH1y_ZHi28fa6Qn-fa7W5dFMlF856icG3AW1jocITaCSOH5Pyw43p-OvujOJl_aUqkaly1KGy55LSjvgwEGhQJAc7mPB4ciT25/s400/24th_am_show_hotrod.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>25TH AM SHOW (HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMP & THUNDER BLADE)</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXTpGlags0TSCxOdT6VvZeJXMGHr-XqGctoLFnCGgWdkeycQ2tPWJcHF-ENmpQ6Fh71EuIH9lmSNryyYrbr8On1RN1G_rCmiyQp0UspMK_WOTvcSz23Nh3u22Weej6LJfDsWbd/s1600/25th_am_show.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="742" data-original-width="1139" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXTpGlags0TSCxOdT6VvZeJXMGHr-XqGctoLFnCGgWdkeycQ2tPWJcHF-ENmpQ6Fh71EuIH9lmSNryyYrbr8On1RN1G_rCmiyQp0UspMK_WOTvcSz23Nh3u22Weej6LJfDsWbd/s400/25th_am_show.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>87 AOU SHOW (SUPER HANG-ON, then HANG-ON II)</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCoAYYMRYrGQAAEyXwyCbFeOk_BdcjsyhDaJ7tVOqL52KAooi7J-MYIeVHCTb0LcxlA7hzaOSrX8T1f68b1JnsReP9NqhyaKAX6Pj9cpdE24ZUtXy-W1Mwl8FZCRoR_jjyy4Rz/s1600/87_aou_show.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="281" data-original-width="461" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCoAYYMRYrGQAAEyXwyCbFeOk_BdcjsyhDaJ7tVOqL52KAooi7J-MYIeVHCTb0LcxlA7hzaOSrX8T1f68b1JnsReP9NqhyaKAX6Pj9cpdE24ZUtXy-W1Mwl8FZCRoR_jjyy4Rz/s400/87_aou_show.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>88 HAPPY NEW HARRIER</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTvNUzusRHDg_W_-Kl0JKXEIuIW3OmKbXAFgOnCon4nhadnlfVXc-zw7D__NF9HfRhG7cGBIrEJMAXfDTe7Z4iItz89rLSx-BOYMhLBlGHsrZl5VlpqjAvDTk2ds8E8jBbwumY/s1600/space_harrier_88.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="1041" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTvNUzusRHDg_W_-Kl0JKXEIuIW3OmKbXAFgOnCon4nhadnlfVXc-zw7D__NF9HfRhG7cGBIrEJMAXfDTe7Z4iItz89rLSx-BOYMhLBlGHsrZl5VlpqjAvDTk2ds8E8jBbwumY/s400/space_harrier_88.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>SEGA ATTRACTIONS</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaa0jGQ2FB2Wu8fSaDqK3k32QRL3-l780ZEXn4ru8Yv0E5jGqLbz-YmIsWCbLOoqNaTGdaKStK5wT6uRPNNgpZ1ZNGHYAx5vsKuBE5hdYuqCOwW-fX92LcUP7Gb9W0FWDqa0aN/s1600/ssc_front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="322" data-original-width="546" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaa0jGQ2FB2Wu8fSaDqK3k32QRL3-l780ZEXn4ru8Yv0E5jGqLbz-YmIsWCbLOoqNaTGdaKStK5wT6uRPNNgpZ1ZNGHYAx5vsKuBE5hdYuqCOwW-fX92LcUP7Gb9W0FWDqa0aN/s320/ssc_front.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvjb6P_2q4VKbeBpkKgolpJW2QUTTxzRLu4UgUB-tkbTvefDPjsQpdW3nf5VaUU0nKiuW5ip_RhOStfadKaFyIRdUY41Qav5F9oRaKbuLJi1IWl3VobB1p03bfxFVhm8XK7unk/s1600/Nippon_Maru_front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="384" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvjb6P_2q4VKbeBpkKgolpJW2QUTTxzRLu4UgUB-tkbTvefDPjsQpdW3nf5VaUU0nKiuW5ip_RhOStfadKaFyIRdUY41Qav5F9oRaKbuLJi1IWl3VobB1p03bfxFVhm8XK7unk/s320/Nippon_Maru_front.jpg" width="221" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>OTHER GAMES</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBDA-HiEuhXkZEfV9qK7eO1ZwO6QukRoA3G0di8maqX3v-vhTTSVJOXIgcUNVRXEXcXttxORInPwNCuB5_zE1NecDjQo12BlT4nm2EDM19fUtWqvEZbUxliNpdLsyNYWHNGeX_/s1600/wonderboy3_front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="369" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBDA-HiEuhXkZEfV9qK7eO1ZwO6QukRoA3G0di8maqX3v-vhTTSVJOXIgcUNVRXEXcXttxORInPwNCuB5_zE1NecDjQo12BlT4nm2EDM19fUtWqvEZbUxliNpdLsyNYWHNGeX_/s320/wonderboy3_front.jpg" width="217" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX6ZPCh1PER-TvZ6xjRqNWzdwJQGL3gu-7Y2Ii0qFe3XV4Etk0gcCUmaMiBxQ0kyaLXfVBlOadTMnDZqc9djaKklZgokd0oTp7KiGIDXgH4Pw0wqnEb-CLKiBB_8Ne5ormOJUV/s1600/gain_ground_front.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="570" data-original-width="385" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX6ZPCh1PER-TvZ6xjRqNWzdwJQGL3gu-7Y2Ii0qFe3XV4Etk0gcCUmaMiBxQ0kyaLXfVBlOadTMnDZqc9djaKklZgokd0oTp7KiGIDXgH4Pw0wqnEb-CLKiBB_8Ne5ormOJUV/s320/gain_ground_front.jpg" width="216" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9HFfNXDUKJy-34NocBR5pkgERMCxCWp_Ac3a-8k64KkPY5Fl_O7bEGIEep5s65kFeNqcy88_Lt3d8C4ppxEpXyJ5DF1ozEDBOMKGeYdN61KyE5vsgkXGkzXuQxj9oHs9Xmpy/s1600/bonzana.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="198" data-original-width="340" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga9HFfNXDUKJy-34NocBR5pkgERMCxCWp_Ac3a-8k64KkPY5Fl_O7bEGIEep5s65kFeNqcy88_Lt3d8C4ppxEpXyJ5DF1ozEDBOMKGeYdN61KyE5vsgkXGkzXuQxj9oHs9Xmpy/s400/bonzana.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Special thanks to <a href="https://twitter.com/sean_tagg">Sean Tagg</a> for helping me with images and information for this post. Don't let this man spend any more money on game cards. Or at least donate him some for free!</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIyH30NNblfSMTlo0p_w8a2ciCyTBmTffVoD0gN6sfGvH8KFItPI8sl-JyfhaKzgHAOzJAGPMRPi0iPBGcpPAUmsGFaj75TN4SnIlihuz-dLmh3vvkeB-OciYlF3t2hFxOOndw/s1600/game_cards5.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="822" data-original-width="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIyH30NNblfSMTlo0p_w8a2ciCyTBmTffVoD0gN6sfGvH8KFItPI8sl-JyfhaKzgHAOzJAGPMRPi0iPBGcpPAUmsGFaj75TN4SnIlihuz-dLmh3vvkeB-OciYlF3t2hFxOOndw/s1600/game_cards5.PNG" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Game Machine Article - December 1986</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-24682558273551489082018-10-09T22:46:00.002+01:002018-10-09T22:57:06.542+01:00Thunderblade: Patch for AfterBurner Hardware<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCPN51wtSgvvpTVjbL2YU68pjmKZzCyzN48MgT_ZGKD85v6BE57By58J8OAn-GvspDfn6IaSGIKYHpcyaVRn5EcGK-TfdFirYliAQwtjSlxKGt1HZWmHEZREfJCKGAFiZc72XE/s1600/0000.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCPN51wtSgvvpTVjbL2YU68pjmKZzCyzN48MgT_ZGKD85v6BE57By58J8OAn-GvspDfn6IaSGIKYHpcyaVRn5EcGK-TfdFirYliAQwtjSlxKGt1HZWmHEZREfJCKGAFiZc72XE/s1600/0000.png" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Here's a quick <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1emsvrIPk0bPxUtTuyxyaR1GwhQSHREbG/view?usp=sharing">EPROM patch</a>, so that a <b>ThunderBlade</b> PCB can be run in an <b>AfterBurner</b> cabinet without rewiring the controls. Usually the X-Axis controls are inverted, so you'd have to rewire the cabinet. This should make the two PCBs interchangeable.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The patched files are decrypted, so will require a standard 68000 CPU fitted to the PCB, as opposed to the FD1094 security processor. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKkAnv-2qZo8MDbv45fb8olEHiyE6ei78L18ZKDtnzq_tW-JBkLtA1jaSQgoYFGfPQmXkKPcWF76iICWZv5PL9KszlSbZxZFfcW7NOrakyfy76FSDYeQ-_C7lXN67PrbgXHxXU/s1600/0002.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKkAnv-2qZo8MDbv45fb8olEHiyE6ei78L18ZKDtnzq_tW-JBkLtA1jaSQgoYFGfPQmXkKPcWF76iICWZv5PL9KszlSbZxZFfcW7NOrakyfy76FSDYeQ-_C7lXN67PrbgXHxXU/s1600/0002.png" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-89200895166550829252018-08-30T13:50:00.001+01:002018-08-31T06:53:32.351+01:00CannonBall comes to the Nintendo Wii<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>CannonBall </b>was recently ported to the <b>Nintendo Wii </b>by Wuerfel_21 of IRQ Interactive!<br />
<br />
She writes, <i>"You may ask why one would want to port to such an irrelevant system. The answer being the possibility of arcade-perfect 240p video output."</i><br />
<br />
The port also runs at a full 60 fps and supports GameCube controllers.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC_vE-sK_uBeXo_HH_iVCnEbQatHL85CmhgOKEJQxwZshCbq_rLbaseg8rksU7VWDLxBclWZI7hduzw-hHj2zSp4Zk1royn-BkOo_LShcNN0CdFenhwGmI8iTyPW9qr733m3m9/s1600/thumbnail_ATT00001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC_vE-sK_uBeXo_HH_iVCnEbQatHL85CmhgOKEJQxwZshCbq_rLbaseg8rksU7VWDLxBclWZI7hduzw-hHj2zSp4Zk1royn-BkOo_LShcNN0CdFenhwGmI8iTyPW9qr733m3m9/s400/thumbnail_ATT00001.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
The port and source code can be found <a href="http://wiibrew.org/wiki/OutRun_(Cannonball_engine)">here</a>.</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-37139435659904259142018-08-09T11:12:00.001+01:002020-05-11T16:57:02.031+01:00The Best OutRunners: Who Made OutRun?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Video game publishers were secretive in the 1980s. In a highly competitive market they didn't want star developers poached by rivals. Whereas by the mid 90s, titles like Daytona USA included a full credits list, the 1980s saw developer credits constrained to Easter Eggs and cryptic initials on the high score table.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Unfortunately, as a result of this, many developers remain uncredited for their work. Nevertheless, it's a fun challenge to establish the development story of an influential title like OutRun! </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The seed of OutRun was planted in July 1985, when Sega produced a design document for a game codenamed <i>Dead Heat</i>. This was a response to the success of Hang-On and within Sega there was a business objective to better Namco's Pole Position, which arguably it did depending on which set of figures you believe. Some cite <a href="http://shmuplations.com/akiranagai">over 20,000 OutRun machines sold</a>, whereas <a href="https://www.goliath.com/gaming/the-25-best-selling-arcade-games-of-all-time/">others over 30,000</a>. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The original design documentation, <a href="https://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/1205387.html">exhibited in full at the CEDEC 2019</a> conference, initially proposed an F1 based game, like Pole Position, but with the ability to race a rival player head to head. It also proposed road branching and road inclines, two features which made the final cut.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6wl-Tg3H1Of4p8N5QGZ0I2CJDlLnMelFrj8oxhQkG2ar-ljNvw80VeHrgc_h_y5e-D4OmhqaHaSr9-b6j0H614x8dD8tBTAycj6hyphenhyphenB-wclXMBBr8f3ZD9OZvABb_UVZ6Clucv/s1600/11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6wl-Tg3H1Of4p8N5QGZ0I2CJDlLnMelFrj8oxhQkG2ar-ljNvw80VeHrgc_h_y5e-D4OmhqaHaSr9-b6j0H614x8dD8tBTAycj6hyphenhyphenB-wclXMBBr8f3ZD9OZvABb_UVZ6Clucv/s400/11.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbiJv856Sle9C7AFBiLLbFazq14noObGKwZSWgaTkuILn2Bxgc6fh0zY5XPpA8hIczL90WuEXHhneqd19ZxUghOY4lOgELe2y403JwwiWs6owF0puiRCu43MyD_Rxz86POuxJf/s1600/EDl8oIlU8AE4QDa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="510" data-original-width="680" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbiJv856Sle9C7AFBiLLbFazq14noObGKwZSWgaTkuILn2Bxgc6fh0zY5XPpA8hIczL90WuEXHhneqd19ZxUghOY4lOgELe2y403JwwiWs6owF0puiRCu43MyD_Rxz86POuxJf/s400/EDl8oIlU8AE4QDa.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
By December 1985, the design had gravitated from F1 to sports cars. The multiplayer feature had been dropped for budgetary reasons. Instead, focus shifted towards making the tracks as interesting and feature rich as possible. The game was now codenamed <i>Spark Rally</i>.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM9FRTV4mjrQQeENWBbFUDVaMlQ9W0rBq_a0mgLB4xOZtVHlnI6XoR5YXMyumCLCgd5jNHNZjVPykT0kAjTJVQwRL7RU4BF-i02WmBuHodX99guka8-vH5mO8m0FfCMzKSCBej/s1600/EDl-i8eVAAEvzkU.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM9FRTV4mjrQQeENWBbFUDVaMlQ9W0rBq_a0mgLB4xOZtVHlnI6XoR5YXMyumCLCgd5jNHNZjVPykT0kAjTJVQwRL7RU4BF-i02WmBuHodX99guka8-vH5mO8m0FfCMzKSCBej/s400/EDl-i8eVAAEvzkU.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The final design documentation, dated 30th June 1986, is credited to <b>Youji Ishii</b>, <b>I. Yutani</b> and <b>Motoshige Hokoyama</b> (who later directed Shadow Dancer). By this time, the game was called OutRun.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBMz0HCP8YIh5XipRDI_rb3SaXDOMKnckjAXgKKLAKwe9nSLemNtsUbD3xfGLoL8bSdFVFc0dPYfS5xx1n6sEzr5HAUgUW40NulXvtDtEqHldghFVJS0EFa9i4Rb_6DzTP5uoy/s1600/09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBMz0HCP8YIh5XipRDI_rb3SaXDOMKnckjAXgKKLAKwe9nSLemNtsUbD3xfGLoL8bSdFVFc0dPYfS5xx1n6sEzr5HAUgUW40NulXvtDtEqHldghFVJS0EFa9i4Rb_6DzTP5uoy/s400/09.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>Youji Ishii</b>, who joined Sega in 1978,<b> </b>first worked with Yu Suzuki on Hang-On. He is notable for his hands-on role developing Flicky and Fantasy Zone. He project managed OutRun and handled other elements of the production. He was effectively Yu Suzuki's boss. His role would be equivalent to an Executive Producer or studio head in western development terminology. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4t886TXdLyAY3d_HfBRqYVOZZEgfoGECfkDFd2hnOUsopsXLvKXZi1LOFNUmbofHhfrj8rtMDLl7K2v__9S24R3WJ9twQquU3ibo-Db4l1o1y0jwCfUinzhH_FyZUm9XBfiRI/s1600/Ishii.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4t886TXdLyAY3d_HfBRqYVOZZEgfoGECfkDFd2hnOUsopsXLvKXZi1LOFNUmbofHhfrj8rtMDLl7K2v__9S24R3WJ9twQquU3ibo-Db4l1o1y0jwCfUinzhH_FyZUm9XBfiRI/s1600/Ishii.png" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
In Szczepaniak's interview in <a href="http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/books/the-untold-history-of-japanese-game-developers-volume-3/">The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers Vol 3</a>, Ishii humbly credits much of the creative vision for OutRun to Yu Suzuki noting, "I mostly left things up to Suzuki. So it's actually correct to say Yu Suzuki was the one who deserves credit". Ishii doesn't receive a credit on the high score table despite managing the project and contributing to the design documentation.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7cFI2t4AGUogM5rMwohyVLmvaxNt9YndgWeAprrGNYLMfOW-1PD01z0llxeuqy3TdSp8u8pBXGI_gvPS94fLNTlQsBu1ukRmHgqFtL2O0XwvFR47CmRFML6iwkXAiw0Nbkz1q/s1600/sega_office_2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="651" data-original-width="806" height="516" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7cFI2t4AGUogM5rMwohyVLmvaxNt9YndgWeAprrGNYLMfOW-1PD01z0llxeuqy3TdSp8u8pBXGI_gvPS94fLNTlQsBu1ukRmHgqFtL2O0XwvFR47CmRFML6iwkXAiw0Nbkz1q/s640/sega_office_2.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sega's development studio in Haneda, located next to Sega HQ. This is where OutRun was developed.</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
OutRun was developed by a small team over the course of eight to ten months. The team consisted of four programmers, five graphic designers and one sound creator. (<a href="https://www.nowgamer.com/the-making-of-outrun/">The Making of OutRun</a>). Space Harrier's code contains a hidden November 1985 date, and OutRun's September 1986. So presuming the core team moved straight from Space Harrier to OutRun, that confirms a 10 month development cycle. There are remnants of Space Harrier's assets in OutRun including the Space Harrier font, and a <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2010/01/hidden-voices.html">sound sample</a> so this seems a reasonable assumption. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFJUKmPt6UKlXwKzVgsU-PD2ma9cEgg2X2a12UTxsG-QErCeV3GHSDq6ZfqdejARkGmzED5MC2_G8S4GGzHGR2XRp3a-UUrLTAY9agwGzPIqIoNABnFXXpJqZ6ww5e_CCukmQO/s1600/EDllOH_UcAIJOT1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="675" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFJUKmPt6UKlXwKzVgsU-PD2ma9cEgg2X2a12UTxsG-QErCeV3GHSDq6ZfqdejARkGmzED5MC2_G8S4GGzHGR2XRp3a-UUrLTAY9agwGzPIqIoNABnFXXpJqZ6ww5e_CCukmQO/s640/EDllOH_UcAIJOT1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">VHS-C Tapes from the road trip. One tape is dated 30 April 1986, Monte Carlo. (<a href="https://twitter.com/okunari/status/1169076885990428673">Source</a>)</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
In April 1986, approximately 5 months into production, Ishii and Suzuki embarked on a European roadtrip to scout locations for OutRun. The original plan had been to travel to New York and cross America, due to the influence of The <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082136/?ref_=fn_al_tt_4">CannonBall Run</a> movie. But Ishii claims Hayao Nakayama, the head of Sega, thought this would be too dangerous. (<a href="http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/books/the-untold-history-of-japanese-game-developers-volume-3/">Untold History Vol 3</a>). Suzuki's recollection of events differs, "I realised, once I’d arranged everything, that the scenery along the [pan-America] course actually doesn’t change very much, so I revised my plan and decided to collect data in Europe instead." (<a href="https://www.nowgamer.com/the-making-of-outrun/">The Making of OutRun</a>). This change in focus mid-development perhaps explains why OutRun starts with the California influenced Coconut Beach, before becoming more European in nature. Both Ishii and Suzuki cite the Romantic Road in Germany as a particular influence. It's reasonable to assume that Coconut Beach was developed before the trip took place, as there's an <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2013/01/unused-prototype-coconut-beach-track.html">early test variant of that level still present in the ROMs</a>. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGR-fP9jUDjHgQCXnUBgodmOXGYyYHZlkb1fT3ZCwbtNEDGb6DWnPUWYKXBKsyAQ1ey1rwmzqLBfNBJ-nIQlwuGWMOkE5FaCiwPDW1cBtU8LsGjTzeqhenabQ0Zz_xLSm3K69Q/s1600/highscores.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGR-fP9jUDjHgQCXnUBgodmOXGYyYHZlkb1fT3ZCwbtNEDGb6DWnPUWYKXBKsyAQ1ey1rwmzqLBfNBJ-nIQlwuGWMOkE5FaCiwPDW1cBtU8LsGjTzeqhenabQ0Zz_xLSm3K69Q/s1600/highscores.PNG" /></a></div>
<br />
So now we come to decipher the cryptic Best Outrunners list, which offers seven entries from the overall team size of ten. Like all good games, it starts easily enough, but soon gets tough!<br />
<br />
1. First up, needing no introduction, is <b>Yu Suzuki</b> (YU.) Yu Suzuki acted as the creative lead and planner on OutRun, but was also a hands-on programmer. He mentions, "I wrote all of the important planning and programming parts myself; I don’t think anything was really influenced by the development staff." (<a href="https://www.nowgamer.com/the-making-of-outrun/">The Making of OutRun</a>).<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq8UT5MupGT8wl9fpnPn-Denu0QZ3M7nUfw7NBFEHjp0bw3_ix0popOdeLhCe5cmuGUMh2gTvi0LdwrHVtaBjY0Rg0IJFeJDIR9IppKYOU_4GgPvR9hqP9OLhOD4hkQ1ca_aXK/s1600/yu-suzuki-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq8UT5MupGT8wl9fpnPn-Denu0QZ3M7nUfw7NBFEHjp0bw3_ix0popOdeLhCe5cmuGUMh2gTvi0LdwrHVtaBjY0Rg0IJFeJDIR9IppKYOU_4GgPvR9hqP9OLhOD4hkQ1ca_aXK/s1600/yu-suzuki-6.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
However, the creative influence of the OutRun team was perhaps more prominent than Suzuki recalls, as we shall see. There's no doubt that Suzuki was the lead visionary from a technical and creative standpoint. It's his name that's present in the Easter egg, indicating his role in developing the program code. With such a small development team, it's clear that many of the individuals wore multiple hats as a result and Suzuki is no exception. It should also be noted that Suzuki composed a couple of the music tracks for Space Harrier including Ida and Valda. The Sega teams contained multi-talented individuals. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5ACJzkXJlD4uumK5pA7XHeZzV3Qn5aJc3i5C7bl45yVWxh6DNwAUlDzIOAbG-YQq0ZwCmpzn-MatzYbzvAFLZoTDZPa8xj05zh9fC5FrDXxGsr2CPP5FA60Wu_H3b6qkgGUD1/s1600/egg1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5ACJzkXJlD4uumK5pA7XHeZzV3Qn5aJc3i5C7bl45yVWxh6DNwAUlDzIOAbG-YQq0ZwCmpzn-MatzYbzvAFLZoTDZPa8xj05zh9fC5FrDXxGsr2CPP5FA60Wu_H3b6qkgGUD1/s1600/egg1.png" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Suzuki's creative reference points included The <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082136/?ref_=fn_al_tt_4">CannonBall Run</a> movie, his European roadtrip with Ishii and the art of <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2017/03/outrun-influences-hiroshi-nagai-naoya.html">Hiroshi Nagai</a>. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOrLlhkgjnEPJGM73rJq6ro12QR_gpyx1kEwwE5a5bk1b-4NGneUSrqMy2gzU6kekaWIdAwlQ_vqCsOtf68YHuCkpgcakBMjzjtgtPz5HCS0Que3EO-2eTfeYBC6xoVdgIP3AT/s1600/suzuki_bmw_1986.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="234" data-original-width="312" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOrLlhkgjnEPJGM73rJq6ro12QR_gpyx1kEwwE5a5bk1b-4NGneUSrqMy2gzU6kekaWIdAwlQ_vqCsOtf68YHuCkpgcakBMjzjtgtPz5HCS0Que3EO-2eTfeYBC6xoVdgIP3AT/s400/suzuki_bmw_1986.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Suzuki in a BMW 520, the car used for the European roadtrip. Photo dated 1986.</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
2. The seconds entry reads BIN. This is <b>Satoshi Mifune</b>, who likes to be known as Bin-Chan. (<a href="https://www.4gamer.net/games/999/G999905/20180418132/">4gamer</a>). He joined Sega in April 1985, and would have been just 18 years old at the time. (<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19970215161035/http://www.sega.co.jp/AM2/news/0117.html">AM2 Web Archive</a>).</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhejyjD0TmmM3xMk8SqWksz2_ld8LEBOHITE4VuzZcUVuHObqt1sD00OpLsoZDG1qP9aZsfvWk2DQC6Qv85p_QVc6KzIV4uMpmypNYRI5AoDsBC18TDFAEIgerFSAxzo7j310wu/s1600/007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="541" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhejyjD0TmmM3xMk8SqWksz2_ld8LEBOHITE4VuzZcUVuHObqt1sD00OpLsoZDG1qP9aZsfvWk2DQC6Qv85p_QVc6KzIV4uMpmypNYRI5AoDsBC18TDFAEIgerFSAxzo7j310wu/s320/007.jpg" width="312" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Satoshi Mifune testing OutRun. [Credit <a href="https://www.4gamer.net/games/999/G999905/20190302005/">4gamer</a>]</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
His first project was a supporting role on Hang-On, where he first worked with Yu Suzuki. From there, Mifune programmed high profile projects including Space Harrier, OutRun, AfterBurner, Dynamite Dux, Turbo OutRun through to Virtua Striker and even Shenmue! </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9so8PNPFdrzgnOAdQr5WjFMQC56FfwaG7tOkz1l2tuoyFw6HbGsPf8f9k0VMBgik1CnvZWVLHgB2EqjgdTzCEXswOBDj8_qt3ryzZ_nHsmEN_FVKzAYol-gNjOjFUhtosUFsY/s1600/bin_chan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="341" data-original-width="512" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9so8PNPFdrzgnOAdQr5WjFMQC56FfwaG7tOkz1l2tuoyFw6HbGsPf8f9k0VMBgik1CnvZWVLHgB2EqjgdTzCEXswOBDj8_qt3ryzZ_nHsmEN_FVKzAYol-gNjOjFUhtosUFsY/s320/bin_chan.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
As we've <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2009/08/outrun-decompilation-oddities.html">covered on this blog</a>, he's credited in hidden debug text within the game relating to the colour palette.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbgx5fObsH4wWjwd-Y-NtD9adzaganqskFWG7R0KuBkrwpEddHeCPR0H8S14hDSbQVlM51zKmAWKeZmP9u7uh3scAaFBy2GlhnVs7NiLKeZ-1VY-wzpIjoUuOSiI_OFCoBHlJE/s1600/debug_text.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbgx5fObsH4wWjwd-Y-NtD9adzaganqskFWG7R0KuBkrwpEddHeCPR0H8S14hDSbQVlM51zKmAWKeZmP9u7uh3scAaFBy2GlhnVs7NiLKeZ-1VY-wzpIjoUuOSiI_OFCoBHlJE/s1600/debug_text.png" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
3. KAG is possibly <b>Takafumi Kagaya</b>, an AM2 designer credited on Daytona USA, Virtua Cop and Virtua Figher amongst other titles. Entering KAG on the Daytona USA high score table plays a hidden jingle. It's not unreasonable to assume he could have worked on OutRun, but I've not seen concrete proof of this. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
4. MIY is <b>Hiroshi Miyauchi</b>, more commonly known as Hiroshi Kawaguchi. One of Sega's longstanding and prolific composers, if not one of the most famous video game composers of all time. Continuing the multi-talented trend of the team, Hiro originally joined Sega as a programmer, impressing Yu Suzuki with his assembly skills at interview. It was common for composers to manually transcribe their music into assembly macros and even write sound drivers at Sega during this period, so perhaps this isn't surprising. (<a href="http://shmuplations.com/sst/">The Rock Stars of Sega</a>). </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9f8xtuDO66AXzq90XPsORGT8jBpZSg22kfxtm4uwlhM57XsYGqHdmR5eYGlaeU7NvGagP-6WvpHtQSo0N1-X2W-UI2dq8h6BBekIEoWUeFvXhlbmD-oSmnmZ08Be3wZ_5ci1T/s1600/Hiroshi_Kawaguchi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9f8xtuDO66AXzq90XPsORGT8jBpZSg22kfxtm4uwlhM57XsYGqHdmR5eYGlaeU7NvGagP-6WvpHtQSo0N1-X2W-UI2dq8h6BBekIEoWUeFvXhlbmD-oSmnmZ08Be3wZ_5ci1T/s320/Hiroshi_Kawaguchi.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
In terms of creative decision making, there is light-hearted disagreement with regard to who suggested certain features, contradicting Suzuki's claims that he didn't rely on the development team for input.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZzwYAG6TsAqEXhIEzmaMNhUd5vrD82PCXIjleVhdFmDJ7_Wce-lU9r9HgZDrRExUHdEIcRPzVrzwICn1VWYU4m1paKMK9DXxUO5WccuRStt2VwRJ0AxWAUEA82E0P4pvVUnc4/s1600/widescreen.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="224" data-original-width="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZzwYAG6TsAqEXhIEzmaMNhUd5vrD82PCXIjleVhdFmDJ7_Wce-lU9r9HgZDrRExUHdEIcRPzVrzwICn1VWYU4m1paKMK9DXxUO5WccuRStt2VwRJ0AxWAUEA82E0P4pvVUnc4/s1600/widescreen.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
During a revealing interview fellow Sega composer Takenobu Mitsuyoshi jokes that Suzuki usually liked to assume ownership of ideas. Hiro laughs when he recalls "Yu Suzuki used to say he came up with [the idea of OutRun's music select] himself." Before adding, "but I seem to remember the designer creating that radio screen and saying, 'hey, if this is a radio, you should be able to select your own songs!' I do remember, however, that the screen originally didn’t show the hand. The original design was just the car’s dashboard. But once you were able to select songs, I asked Yu Suzuki whether we should have a cursor or some indicator on-screen to show people they could choose their music. Ultimately I'm the one who decided we didn’t need to do that, though." (<a href="http://shmuplations.com/sst/">The Rock Stars of Sega</a>).<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFjS7aMTAFVg7POE9VGScUFBAeRKp4eQX9UYqJ2EMNBp6Qfp-IqSvrtlfDRDvzm6577QqVskkbPGjlrZs0_CpTGfbxodFtaX-cMEaXqTxpDuiBn6lK778mtvHhJKAFrk4R_oCz/s1600/R-4218014-1465472541-5689.jpeg+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="605" data-original-width="599" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFjS7aMTAFVg7POE9VGScUFBAeRKp4eQX9UYqJ2EMNBp6Qfp-IqSvrtlfDRDvzm6577QqVskkbPGjlrZs0_CpTGfbxodFtaX-cMEaXqTxpDuiBn6lK778mtvHhJKAFrk4R_oCz/s320/R-4218014-1465472541-5689.jpeg+%25281%2529.jpg" width="316" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
Hiro references <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2017/03/outrun-influences-hiroshi-nagai-naoya.html">Naoya Matsuoka</a> and Cassiopeia as direct influences on OutRun's soundtrack. "If I had not heard Mr. Naoya Matsuoka's songs, I don't think OutRun's music would have been born" (<a href="https://sega-interactive.co.jp/special/interview/vol8-2/">Sound Creator Interview</a>).<br />
<br />
The following image shows Sega's offices around the development of OutRun (<a href="https://twitter.com/Hiro_H10th/status/1090598321247334400">Twitter</a>). Hiro can be seen in the foreground playing the keyboard wearing casual clothes, unlike his colleagues. On the right is Mr. Yamamoto who was responsible for transcribing the sound data for OutRun.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQdudCYL9xgdsJZHgEFD8AZUBD0pprZ0htuoAXUitkqps3Fho_k_-BHUtSCQjm087pnRP9C-xzRwH0jh5N_s3Fpr4nSCLsrvN_GL6_014QTTMo1OfHcG32_mon3abDEgmvWqmq/s1600/sega_hiro_1980s.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="465" data-original-width="717" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQdudCYL9xgdsJZHgEFD8AZUBD0pprZ0htuoAXUitkqps3Fho_k_-BHUtSCQjm087pnRP9C-xzRwH0jh5N_s3Fpr4nSCLsrvN_GL6_014QTTMo1OfHcG32_mon3abDEgmvWqmq/s1600/sega_hiro_1980s.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
5. MAT is programmer <b>Tetsu Matsushima</b>. Like many others on the team he worked across Space Harrier, OutRun and AfterBurner. (<a href="https://readonlymemory.vg/shop/book/sega-mega-drive-genesis-collected-works/">MegaDrive Collected Works</a>) He went onto work for Rutubo games, which produced the arcade perfect Saturn ports of the aforementioned titles.<br />
<br />
Whilst Suzuki claimed, "The [OutRun] game development team was made up of people who happened to be available at the time, so I wasn’t able to assemble the team according to my wishes", (<a href="https://www.nowgamer.com/the-making-of-outrun/">The Making of OutRun</a>), this must be taken with a grain of salt given Hiro, Mifune and Matsushima appear to be a close-knit unit migrating from Space Harrier onto OutRun, before decamping to their skunkworks Studio 128 office to develop AfterBurner. (<a href="http://shmuplations.com/afterburner/">AfterBurner II - Developer Interviews</a>). The pixel art style of these three titles is also consistent, which would suggest many of the artists moved from one project to the next.<br />
<br />
6. IKA and A.O<br />
<br />
Sadly, I can't establish who these individuals are. Maybe they were members of the art team, of which I can find no information at all. Even when John Szczepaniak directly asked <b>Youji Ishii</b>, on my behalf, for the remaining developer credits during an interview in <a href="http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/books/the-untold-history-of-japanese-game-developers-volume-3/">The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers Vol 3</a>, he was unable to recall all the names. For now, the road sadly ends here.<br />
<br />
Hopefully one day I'll uncover more information and update this article. If you have any further information, please let me know in the comments below.<br />
<br />
<b>Timeline</b><br />
<br />
1978 - Youji Ishii joins Sega<br />
1983 - <a href="https://www.phantomriverstone.com/2017/04/yu-suzuki-interview-for-release-of-sega.html">Yu Suzuki joins Sega as a programmer</a><br />
1984 - Hiroshi Kawaguchi joins Sega as a programmer<br />
Apr 1985 - Satoshi Mifune joins Sega as a programmer to work on Hang-On<br />
July 1985 - <a href="https://beepgamecenter.com/2016/09/06/super-scaler-monograph-i-hang-on/">Hang-On Released</a><br />
July 1985<b> - </b><a href="http://shmuplations.com/spaceharrier/">Space Harrier Development Starts</a><br />
July 1985 - OutRun Design Revision 1 (Codename: Dead Heat)<br />
Sep 1985 - <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2018/03/space-harrier-arcade-prototype.html">Space Harrier concept with jet plane displayed at AM show</a><br />
Sep 1985 - <a href="https://twitter.com/Hiro_H10th/status/1092626304342454272">Development relocates to 'Office 2'</a>, next to their HQ. Used until Feb 9th 2019<br />
Nov 1985 - Space Harrier Released<br />
Dec 1985 - OutRun Design Revision 2 (Codename: Spark Rally)<br />
Apr 1986 - Yu Suzuki & Youji Ishii embark upon European Research Trip<br />
June 1986 - OutRun Design Revision 3 (Rebranded OutRun)<br />
Sep 1986 - OutRun Announced at Sega Tokyo press conference <a href="http://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19861101p.pdf">22nd September</a><br />
Oct 1986 - OutRun Exhibited at 24th AM Show (7th & 8th October)<br />
Dec 1986 - AfterBurner Development Starts. Team relocates to Studio 128.<br />
July 1987 - <a href="https://sega-interactive.co.jp/special/history/sp/?page=title/afterburner.html">AfterBurner Released</a><br />
Oct 1987 - <a href="https://sega-interactive.co.jp/special/history/sp/?page=title/afterburnertwo.html">AfterBurner 2 Released</a><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJqu5eM4q6_swO-F2HfApTiKmFLGB-rJGy2cyJ-4Uekl9TK6jaLR9rOBsaIhQtCGU_F-0HXqMzV3hI5V6izdZxEsDb20vpIlYeXhw-1AUVcJ9iqDw5kcDAxczRDViOQULJC6Ki/s1600/studio128.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="192" data-original-width="262" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJqu5eM4q6_swO-F2HfApTiKmFLGB-rJGy2cyJ-4Uekl9TK6jaLR9rOBsaIhQtCGU_F-0HXqMzV3hI5V6izdZxEsDb20vpIlYeXhw-1AUVcJ9iqDw5kcDAxczRDViOQULJC6Ki/s400/studio128.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Studio 128. The team decamped to this small premises to develop AfterBurner and Power Drift</span></b></div>
<br /></div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-41443733060566258922018-08-06T21:24:00.002+01:002018-08-06T21:38:03.865+01:00OutRun Steering & Shifter Assembly<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Some handy OutRun component diagrams, created back in 1990. These are much more useful than anything in the arcade manual itself.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Retrieved from a CD I found in my parents loft!<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh_kj0I5nOsx9MVCwTq0abD2BkCsdMaDebVNA5U1J2cacnh-pIAM2TVqh22hW0OYmxedrsAzHEgrKKyJucROp-3st0K2qmOxfmDTGq49nVugxLktWXgQfzirDNv3cGE_LuJkuf/s1600/ORSHIFTER.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="712" data-original-width="569" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh_kj0I5nOsx9MVCwTq0abD2BkCsdMaDebVNA5U1J2cacnh-pIAM2TVqh22hW0OYmxedrsAzHEgrKKyJucROp-3st0K2qmOxfmDTGq49nVugxLktWXgQfzirDNv3cGE_LuJkuf/s1600/ORSHIFTER.GIF" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSnQZdZmyWTsxJzKohcC8QXseTLgYpXBcbM1rbLrEAg8gk77OIEWL4_UA6YfDhpvb7tHKbVbLSAyIEmuHVcGTsHD7kXnbH4kG8flGdb_ePPH59cUfoTqxJmSGR7nPeS70Psg53/s1600/OUTRUNBASEASSY.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="582" data-original-width="783" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSnQZdZmyWTsxJzKohcC8QXseTLgYpXBcbM1rbLrEAg8gk77OIEWL4_UA6YfDhpvb7tHKbVbLSAyIEmuHVcGTsHD7kXnbH4kG8flGdb_ePPH59cUfoTqxJmSGR7nPeS70Psg53/s1600/OUTRUNBASEASSY.GIF" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaDQ2pHp_dD92XHybKlLsIlfG4NdwjqUQserJz1cFS7TANA7f8dYJepTajpyxrNNvw77mzqWebHcPCnvKrE7T4ZH8zNFBK19J-Ma5O6-_wCUtv-zN38rJIxyRVDyYzVagWKe_s/s1600/OUTRUNSTEERING.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="741" data-original-width="558" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaDQ2pHp_dD92XHybKlLsIlfG4NdwjqUQserJz1cFS7TANA7f8dYJepTajpyxrNNvw77mzqWebHcPCnvKrE7T4ZH8zNFBK19J-Ma5O6-_wCUtv-zN38rJIxyRVDyYzVagWKe_s/s1600/OUTRUNSTEERING.GIF" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-59998876591383279542018-08-03T12:19:00.000+01:002018-08-03T12:21:26.090+01:00Restoring an AfterBurner Arcade Cabinet<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Background</b><br />
<br />
I picked up this AfterBurner arcade machine back in 2016 from a fellow UKVAC member. It worked, but needed cosmetic attention. There was minor damage to the bodywork, the sideart was torn and the controls felt unresponsive and quite frankly awful. The cabinet had never been stripped down and fully serviced, so that was my first task.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha21reoRhGY9zPqXWzHCBL9rYwW_6efoM7HndNedPNs3jyHDr-Y5GfPTwWGPWZTdU4UNbsMKHQkUkdphcNdGPttpQHZxoKjQMKBcHvm5AAa121asUarxzEwP-HXWOQs_exZnJp/s1600/20160506_201638.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha21reoRhGY9zPqXWzHCBL9rYwW_6efoM7HndNedPNs3jyHDr-Y5GfPTwWGPWZTdU4UNbsMKHQkUkdphcNdGPttpQHZxoKjQMKBcHvm5AAa121asUarxzEwP-HXWOQs_exZnJp/s400/20160506_201638.jpg" width="225" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu1Y_8UJtZO6X2k0GZIVqWQOlSYqO-bDtDqHXmtaICO-y6hjKpLNeVFIfbmO64LzTQ7jrH5-bD0DttXJeIofXKz9Ybktw8Nvv28xto8zgqjG2bb4JEhhGxOy6DPw0TghsjU_P5/s1600/20160506_202407.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu1Y_8UJtZO6X2k0GZIVqWQOlSYqO-bDtDqHXmtaICO-y6hjKpLNeVFIfbmO64LzTQ7jrH5-bD0DttXJeIofXKz9Ybktw8Nvv28xto8zgqjG2bb4JEhhGxOy6DPw0TghsjU_P5/s400/20160506_202407.jpg" width="225" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFYRR4kYA2CCtf1ni5t5jQaIAk69hM3pfmQ9RGQvoJ_dqk4Mm6dOoi2upVWX8Mye9zhUCVv1TQMKz790Z012kIl9bhrPRTcG3mZJ5bzgcUElAZjKj7A-xwEPpvPw3u-9FH9Qto/s1600/20160506_202414.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFYRR4kYA2CCtf1ni5t5jQaIAk69hM3pfmQ9RGQvoJ_dqk4Mm6dOoi2upVWX8Mye9zhUCVv1TQMKz790Z012kIl9bhrPRTcG3mZJ5bzgcUElAZjKj7A-xwEPpvPw3u-9FH9Qto/s640/20160506_202414.jpg" width="360" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpOqBSn9XU4FJmEYeDhrkh_625gtYGDwxM2tiNgM0WbKsd8BW__QZq3lELM4wfRTlQ7-91AreIeqs99Wu-is5fIRQGqcDTpNK1DYI4f6wm5rebYoDJVXIROKC1KjUPxJshaM1K/s1600/20160506_201606.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpOqBSn9XU4FJmEYeDhrkh_625gtYGDwxM2tiNgM0WbKsd8BW__QZq3lELM4wfRTlQ7-91AreIeqs99Wu-is5fIRQGqcDTpNK1DYI4f6wm5rebYoDJVXIROKC1KjUPxJshaM1K/s400/20160506_201606.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>Read The Fcuking Manual!</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Always a good idea before starting a restoration. In my typical OCD style, I acquired four different upright manuals during this process! All are different, contain some errors and sometimes contradict each other. Hoorah! </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsmxUluhVg6Mt7desjNFBooSTqzyC5JsIXYvLHRnylS9EzcTDbBxkafsYCDUIyNXhi7MvGGxvid56YfbJaSwGWR4NnB30aTPYP9mwInrPh-6IxvapHC1l6RW1yJec78OOvGqzT/s1600/20160719_215111.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1547" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsmxUluhVg6Mt7desjNFBooSTqzyC5JsIXYvLHRnylS9EzcTDbBxkafsYCDUIyNXhi7MvGGxvid56YfbJaSwGWR4NnB30aTPYP9mwInrPh-6IxvapHC1l6RW1yJec78OOvGqzT/s640/20160719_215111.jpg" width="413" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
One of the better finds was a less common 2ND PRINTING (SP) MANUAL NO. 90500025. It has a Brent Leisure marker on the back. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcyhh1gG2fDkTmNHNqF7cfzovxeIENlkI9yM6esCzVcujdvAgo8zQyVRoHdEmevQt3lGRz_fJoNmVCXk7PeNo1q_WTM7SMlacn-Zydjao6SvCIzZIGRNirIknl8y5rBQsDiCdb/s1600/20160719_215148.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="500" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcyhh1gG2fDkTmNHNqF7cfzovxeIENlkI9yM6esCzVcujdvAgo8zQyVRoHdEmevQt3lGRz_fJoNmVCXk7PeNo1q_WTM7SMlacn-Zydjao6SvCIzZIGRNirIknl8y5rBQsDiCdb/s320/20160719_215148.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
This edition contains around 40 pages, around 10 more than the standard manual. These cover the exterior cabinet parts in more detail, with additional information dedicated to the European wiring and power supply sections.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7qf71G57fUL-moaPDsRep0wpuVOVRv6W0UqaGy6xARaIby3cId5uIVv3oAeTsF1fluhkq1XC4-EdVReAis3MHuyiBzTZlm_7-L8NkLO3f6ygUh2JwfDiv2Cq0OrEThIN_6gOa/s1600/20160719_215207.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="574" data-original-width="1000" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7qf71G57fUL-moaPDsRep0wpuVOVRv6W0UqaGy6xARaIby3cId5uIVv3oAeTsF1fluhkq1XC4-EdVReAis3MHuyiBzTZlm_7-L8NkLO3f6ygUh2JwfDiv2Cq0OrEThIN_6gOa/s640/20160719_215207.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>Control Panel</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The controls worked, but the joystick was loose and unresponsive for such a difficult game. The fire buttons didn't feel great. I removed the front cabinet bolts and peered into the abyss. It's clear in its former life the operator loved: green electrical tape, chopping cables and chocolate blocks. It's also clear that he dismantled the control panel at some point and lost a lot of screws. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU1xd5IqkpF1gWxCKMyI4oO96QEX3gAbg16Vq1UdAuPNecHVkK61zBiOdtXMyDRyLStq1YxYzX4QsfJL0r1HYrbIqnNFJz8RaBKkLIDkKL-wsK_a1ygEkgAXy6hfZtbdX_fCFm/s1600/ab2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU1xd5IqkpF1gWxCKMyI4oO96QEX3gAbg16Vq1UdAuPNecHVkK61zBiOdtXMyDRyLStq1YxYzX4QsfJL0r1HYrbIqnNFJz8RaBKkLIDkKL-wsK_a1ygEkgAXy6hfZtbdX_fCFm/s640/ab2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b>I'm pretty sure that's not how it left the factory!</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
First up, I removed the control panel from the cabinet. The wiring harness had been previously cut and most of the original connectors removed. In these situations I use a spare chocolate block to retain the position of the wiring. It's easier than using labels which have a tendency to fall off.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQOnZQ2I-78nTk0exErZtzKqOy-BtmcwC6l41KScGg-YdOxiIqigxOnxoAUUM5yS1i0faFtnx3_s8dr0LPsMmbqP5nfy2QcJ7___J8QZQWwc1zEc7L4D2N0Ami338hgGfsjhp5/s1600/ab4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQOnZQ2I-78nTk0exErZtzKqOy-BtmcwC6l41KScGg-YdOxiIqigxOnxoAUUM5yS1i0faFtnx3_s8dr0LPsMmbqP5nfy2QcJ7___J8QZQWwc1zEc7L4D2N0Ami338hgGfsjhp5/s640/ab4.jpg" width="360" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b>If all else fails, repair with electrical tape?!</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The handle was dismantled. One bolt was drilled out. One law of dismantling any component of a cab: at least one bolt or screw will not budge. They had been replaced at some point in the past with ill-fitting ones which didn't help matters. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKBCj_e8ccZcRms1H_MHLrlR_RoZNC5ShyphenhyphennBNIKkSKI7D_Ea3Y-o3H8ZTKmYCef7IIGuI_r2n-hfB9ysYplTqsSf9XKLE6JLYhTbpU_RpLbB3y35ARCMu6ytu_eymFXcg_1nGX/s1600/ab5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKBCj_e8ccZcRms1H_MHLrlR_RoZNC5ShyphenhyphennBNIKkSKI7D_Ea3Y-o3H8ZTKmYCef7IIGuI_r2n-hfB9ysYplTqsSf9XKLE6JLYhTbpU_RpLbB3y35ARCMu6ytu_eymFXcg_1nGX/s640/ab5.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Inside the handle: more green electrical tape. The switch board didn't look particularly healthy and had been repaired badly in the past with big blobs of solder to repair traces. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Next up was removing the front plastic from the control panel in order to access the internals. Here's what I did to remove the front plastic plate:</div>
<br />
1/ Dismantle control handle. Splits into two sections. Set aside.<br />
2/ Remove all wiring that runs through central column of control stick.<br />
3/ Remove silver trim from control stick.<br />
4/ Remove front Throttle Decal<br />
5/ Pop start button out through front of plastic. Push it from inside.<br />
6/ Remove top 2 bolts securing plastic from front at top, and 3 from bottom<br />
7/ Pull plastic out and wiggle it round the throttle and stick.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik1_P8dmjpMgKMwEfhBaUpjIPwuLdBpf2dJ5kmsrgn1MifOImwOOU7F00Q0qPrT3BxTWx89MR9Cy5pryQ4rSM3rELkwG1q7ktSIuN0DUGeBK1jM2QkhIGlKnun4oZFv6ECNQOV/s1600/20160619_231736.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik1_P8dmjpMgKMwEfhBaUpjIPwuLdBpf2dJ5kmsrgn1MifOImwOOU7F00Q0qPrT3BxTWx89MR9Cy5pryQ4rSM3rELkwG1q7ktSIuN0DUGeBK1jM2QkhIGlKnun4oZFv6ECNQOV/s640/20160619_231736.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
Behind the plastic I found an old damaged part of a pot. Maybe a previous repair was performed badly by the operator, and the wiring butchered in the process? All the wiring was labelled up and deciphered.<br />
<br />
There are always some duff bolts that refuse to budge. These generally involve a tedious ordeal to remove them that is disproportionately time consuming. Time to break out the hacksaw blade and blister my finger tips.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKu_WvQX0RUXaAg2n7p9vf0VBLOQJYTBmXNYO6VSwV6Up96i-MFnyqjmU0-eictlXeMx53mPzRbawcosRy18aALAC7X4Ck0Bdr26ppIhyphenhyphen1BEvkQtBdRDli3udXPxdp5KHYajxG/s1600/20160621_225250.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="889" data-original-width="500" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKu_WvQX0RUXaAg2n7p9vf0VBLOQJYTBmXNYO6VSwV6Up96i-MFnyqjmU0-eictlXeMx53mPzRbawcosRy18aALAC7X4Ck0Bdr26ppIhyphenhyphen1BEvkQtBdRDli3udXPxdp5KHYajxG/s640/20160621_225250.jpg" width="358" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
I finally separated the main control stick from the wood after about an hour of faffing around with duff bolts that had been bodged together many years ago.<br />
<br />
This meant I could finally remove and replace some of the bolts on the front side of this section in order to tighten the whole thing up, highlighted here in pink. (I later realised these bolts were also an operator bodge!)<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJOq8yTlQ6ScgFBDAiLo5dnE32TA3gNvGp6Q_8cN0steZWoTRU24X1i0U2o9JIbLHm3-YIdfZqqDwDoBlbh0y2M4elZHvfBBvCSlkGbQydaEFD8k7JTDpU5-CfGgVLTDLp7RXA/s1600/20160621_225434.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJOq8yTlQ6ScgFBDAiLo5dnE32TA3gNvGp6Q_8cN0steZWoTRU24X1i0U2o9JIbLHm3-YIdfZqqDwDoBlbh0y2M4elZHvfBBvCSlkGbQydaEFD8k7JTDpU5-CfGgVLTDLp7RXA/s640/20160621_225434.jpg" width="360" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Every Sega control chassis I've looked at has signs of metal fatigue and this one is no different. The motor vibration and use over the years puts considerable strain on them. Anyone who leaves a vibration motor enabled in a Sega upright cab of this age should be terrified!</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Here's the damage I found with regard to the two pieces of metalwork that comprise the chassis. (TX-1354 which sits inside TX-1353). A lot of this wasn't visible at first, but becomes clear after a clean and removing the exterior wood housing. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Here are the usual hairline cracks and fractures on the interior metal. But when flipped over, it's the grand canyon of fractures! The entire control panel is falling apart!</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh24MROUdX5wgpPIMAPOcDSeoglsukvfwPjHTVwd2l_TRGhAfd_cF5EpcwNKDGgB_YM2tILZVls1K3IGPoFfupxZ1JppYh8EM__bJY-D3SxyxvstMZMrUBDuxSXT-JmGJg1JQtP/s1600/20160622_215558.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="889" data-original-width="500" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh24MROUdX5wgpPIMAPOcDSeoglsukvfwPjHTVwd2l_TRGhAfd_cF5EpcwNKDGgB_YM2tILZVls1K3IGPoFfupxZ1JppYh8EM__bJY-D3SxyxvstMZMrUBDuxSXT-JmGJg1JQtP/s400/20160622_215558.jpg" width="223" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQLVQQmtDcs4CmCax0wc1VLxdnlgNTCWHSMOFEQZeQChgq-4xAipIclDxTjeTqYVnpO6t6lMFqCK5xhhSr8NrUDSyuy2E4_tv85n98q5oEAbR6I2Kuw-XGLRsQt45-ISrCZ6eU/s1600/20160622_215530.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="889" data-original-width="500" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQLVQQmtDcs4CmCax0wc1VLxdnlgNTCWHSMOFEQZeQChgq-4xAipIclDxTjeTqYVnpO6t6lMFqCK5xhhSr8NrUDSyuy2E4_tv85n98q5oEAbR6I2Kuw-XGLRsQt45-ISrCZ6eU/s400/20160622_215530.jpg" width="223" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b>I'm no metallgist, but this doesn't look good...</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Thankfully, arcadefixit to the (expensive) rescue. He had NOS of the sacred pieces. I am never telling my wife how much these pieces of metal cost. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-4RmSNHzh_iDP-F9peYw-s0rrltFqCgF0FWhbt3Z2FhiglGa8n8mHHm8XupMHC1xQQIg3cZZXkAsHYVCGMcLN55F8i3gdtznIiC0Q4cFUSYnvoVrmGf_zVBpF9l-Ac_JsYgu/s1600/IMG_3818.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-4RmSNHzh_iDP-F9peYw-s0rrltFqCgF0FWhbt3Z2FhiglGa8n8mHHm8XupMHC1xQQIg3cZZXkAsHYVCGMcLN55F8i3gdtznIiC0Q4cFUSYnvoVrmGf_zVBpF9l-Ac_JsYgu/s1600/IMG_3818.jpeg" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
Let's get that precious metal fitted! I removed the interior from the old assembly and gave the parts I was keeping a good clean in hot soapy water, then raided the baby wipes. Sorry kids. The new assembly looks great though:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyMaMPKa7XMI8G0T66SXG08sqzovWN4-JpEn1GYogT3In3pnigmVlWnPv0CVq9Yf7PrJ27GBONwoZ61EJ1ymwLYvZ8vuPfxHVp_5X2XIB6Tw3CMEkvJ6kNtXlfKmZg7CjSpy9l/s1600/20160707_110052.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyMaMPKa7XMI8G0T66SXG08sqzovWN4-JpEn1GYogT3In3pnigmVlWnPv0CVq9Yf7PrJ27GBONwoZ61EJ1ymwLYvZ8vuPfxHVp_5X2XIB6Tw3CMEkvJ6kNtXlfKmZg7CjSpy9l/s640/20160707_110052.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
In doing so I realised that one of the things that confused me with the original assembly, and one of the reasons I started dismantling it, was an operator bodge. (See the photo where the bolts are highlighted in pink.)<br />
<br />
The original operator had drilled new holes through the front of both metal work panels in order to bolt them together directly through the front, presumably to strengthen it following the gigantic crack in the base. However, this was a bad idea as the two pieces of interior metalwork need to 'slide' over each other when the vibration motor is used. Bolting them together prevents this. Not only that, all the metal filings from drilling the new holes were scattered in the grease in the old metal housing. What a mess!<br />
<br />
As always, I found other components that were bad. The orange bumpers were disintegrating badly. You can see them in the base of the interior section here:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6FsK6bEZNZZM1Kpgf_dqDJhIBABMFS5Ju3iMNU0bdjIvoazYhHiZR6qzAm7Z_lSbfyF4UVVmQv7FlHJW2_EPnLTr8re2Fu7Fk0aImeKGkJZV9-bfRWrnFhJGbjB6xNQzbE3kv/s1600/P1030357.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6FsK6bEZNZZM1Kpgf_dqDJhIBABMFS5Ju3iMNU0bdjIvoazYhHiZR6qzAm7Z_lSbfyF4UVVmQv7FlHJW2_EPnLTr8re2Fu7Fk0aImeKGkJZV9-bfRWrnFhJGbjB6xNQzbE3kv/s200/P1030357.JPG" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTUueLUBYGjThf9WUiO8SD-22uxwGUqgvERdt0datuyiWUBr8kr1ojWKfbteKAOZm8Vx8iv6Tevt4jt89IHdoJRilq6opxpBq-vA8cSMNwz835eBrvzIK3y9xK_O1JWEMODHt0/s1600/P1030355.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTUueLUBYGjThf9WUiO8SD-22uxwGUqgvERdt0datuyiWUBr8kr1ojWKfbteKAOZm8Vx8iv6Tevt4jt89IHdoJRilq6opxpBq-vA8cSMNwz835eBrvzIK3y9xK_O1JWEMODHt0/s200/P1030355.JPG" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The two bumpers required are listed differently in the alternate editions of the AfterBurner operators manual which makes life confusing. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<b>Upright manual with AfterBurner logo only on front</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>tx-1333 Bumper B --- 4 x Large Bumpers On Base. </li>
<li>No mention of other 2 smaller bumpers</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<b>Upright manual with picture of machine on front</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>tx-1372 Bumper D --- 4 x Large Bumpers On Base</li>
<li>tx-1371 Bumper C --- 2 x Small Bumpers On Joystick Assembly</li>
</ul>
<br />
Time to order some available NOS parts for the rebuild, including new switches, motor brushes and springs.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMnnsYYkhpe34Y2WicGmyRvLj81JcJVx-OsUh8Jhe_RiAA65itf4VaT0Ig8-BCdy4l1dnKZGCtpar0KEnf2GEsbDyhLdU_NOke4Z-Gebj1guY64tN533y9fQb9J9FkeBacTsLX/s1600/20160707_110446.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMnnsYYkhpe34Y2WicGmyRvLj81JcJVx-OsUh8Jhe_RiAA65itf4VaT0Ig8-BCdy4l1dnKZGCtpar0KEnf2GEsbDyhLdU_NOke4Z-Gebj1guY64tN533y9fQb9J9FkeBacTsLX/s640/20160707_110446.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
I couldn't get every size of bumper NOS, could only find TX-1333 spares. I'm going to improvise and cut some of these down for the others I intend on replacing.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK3xzGB50VH7-_XBDgbhvAoSNYKW3QnnVk0ThF2EGc53mMyM9p0JhDv7qU1GO4xi9cvJ4yZioIntsXAHjshJ1OrfahrjtdrOuevBx5LZNaVkECzCTcNGI5FpY7nFzdlPEfDTF2/s1600/20160712_112046.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="297" data-original-width="500" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK3xzGB50VH7-_XBDgbhvAoSNYKW3QnnVk0ThF2EGc53mMyM9p0JhDv7qU1GO4xi9cvJ4yZioIntsXAHjshJ1OrfahrjtdrOuevBx5LZNaVkECzCTcNGI5FpY7nFzdlPEfDTF2/s640/20160712_112046.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
Replace the old bumpers, yuck!<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxoG9kbN_V6vc4x70odscSZdmSfEq2EM5BpcKkSBdqOl_ftqUW5vn946GFoWr6gSg7qaPhCor8DHH0KxobYb7Te7UvBJQ4wGE3quj2DHbUbreoUItPfhbBLtuZon1m_DrTAcVJ/s1600/20160712_112442.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="624" data-original-width="500" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxoG9kbN_V6vc4x70odscSZdmSfEq2EM5BpcKkSBdqOl_ftqUW5vn946GFoWr6gSg7qaPhCor8DHH0KxobYb7Te7UvBJQ4wGE3quj2DHbUbreoUItPfhbBLtuZon1m_DrTAcVJ/s400/20160712_112442.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Time to fit a proper Mate N Lok plug to the assembly and work towards getting rid of all the chocolate blocks that were fitted. I'm not sorry to see this lot removed. There were some nice hacks within hacks here, with wires extended and wrapped in electrical tape. Yikes.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnnP2mVZj9B-HIAPRKeRNTB2YNxxbu_0RO_iE160RPdoAhsSGxa5TcM_JjJdTZJjNetFmXugB4BUkNZbuhKcJen4lv_mjHurCUWvzTQfM9Jm5gadmOM7DkKfFF3WkYyFkkUT7d/s1600/20160707_191923.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="804" data-original-width="500" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnnP2mVZj9B-HIAPRKeRNTB2YNxxbu_0RO_iE160RPdoAhsSGxa5TcM_JjJdTZJjNetFmXugB4BUkNZbuhKcJen4lv_mjHurCUWvzTQfM9Jm5gadmOM7DkKfFF3WkYyFkkUT7d/s400/20160707_191923.jpg" width="248" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Here's the control panel reassembled with the first of the new wiring.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9GYc4HHr63_6fPGb3CTh6zcV3gezr_gpAA6jqj468BG407lU1ofVLyvoyAZBuLv6o01MdmbbbZMZJZq6onKn83Lmv3HLUU6dMeUiMtlw8tY4cHVYdjzwL5T52_EcBywGmupls/s1600/20160707_225625.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9GYc4HHr63_6fPGb3CTh6zcV3gezr_gpAA6jqj468BG407lU1ofVLyvoyAZBuLv6o01MdmbbbZMZJZq6onKn83Lmv3HLUU6dMeUiMtlw8tY4cHVYdjzwL5T52_EcBywGmupls/s640/20160707_225625.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Fitted new brushes to the motor. Not that I'm ever going to leave it connected. Sega's motors are now cabinet murderers in my opinion!</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
The control stick appeared ok from a distance, but up close you can see a lot of the paint was flaking and it was pretty uneven.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm0KWrExt9BCrn6LtOY98DXp0UW7BwKMswyHbl-i0cJl3zPQwzxI5FO4D-SoySLN3KRR0FJkCpX5Gh_ntE09vC1Vj2zQXezxC-FtGKBSDEfaQssc6S3dTkT_j0Q6fX82MOmE03/s1600/ab_control.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="855" data-original-width="1000" height="545" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm0KWrExt9BCrn6LtOY98DXp0UW7BwKMswyHbl-i0cJl3zPQwzxI5FO4D-SoySLN3KRR0FJkCpX5Gh_ntE09vC1Vj2zQXezxC-FtGKBSDEfaQssc6S3dTkT_j0Q6fX82MOmE03/s640/ab_control.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Sanded the control stick back to bare metal using a Dremel like tool then went over it with finer grain wet & dry sandpaper. I used grey primer, silver paint and a few coats of clear lacquer. It looks nice. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4-orDL0kgVBlEV5iUvabPmlZ2KrsuA2ZpYlDrqXCJbG83QqzWz6vssU0U7Blfld-HCb04-8MED8S17e7BotdRkhaDFEBmedKr4-FvdU8gfGkcnSZbS1ll-OQ00kufwg5l-o66/s1600/ab_control2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="931" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4-orDL0kgVBlEV5iUvabPmlZ2KrsuA2ZpYlDrqXCJbG83QqzWz6vssU0U7Blfld-HCb04-8MED8S17e7BotdRkhaDFEBmedKr4-FvdU8gfGkcnSZbS1ll-OQ00kufwg5l-o66/s640/ab_control2.jpg" width="372" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Internally I replaced both switches and the corresponding springs. Turns out one of the springs already present wasn't an original and was the wrong size. I've also replaced the wiring. As per the photos earlier in the thread, the original thumb switch had also been patched up badly with a combination of solder and green masking tape. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHRMhfU_tU45wIRP3L-kLBuTUP4NONSErzChyJcVJ4GonO3_Vn1X-u42JI9CQlWo11Y5LOLw9PrK6WZG9E0ePSczImDnlBTJk1c9zEWMwO2k7iubLhewBzd_8W1wkfLhpW4hyphenhyphenu/s1600/ab_control1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHRMhfU_tU45wIRP3L-kLBuTUP4NONSErzChyJcVJ4GonO3_Vn1X-u42JI9CQlWo11Y5LOLw9PrK6WZG9E0ePSczImDnlBTJk1c9zEWMwO2k7iubLhewBzd_8W1wkfLhpW4hyphenhyphenu/s640/ab_control1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
I cleaned up all the other components. The majority were dismantled into individual parts, given a good scrubbing and reassembled. I'm pretty sure AfterBurner has used up more of the baby wipes than my kids.<br />
<br />
For the throttle, I used car touch-up paint to blacken the visible part of the handle also.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLTRWhRgL515AyYXqQep24LWXvbWgIP5d4JTLKIr7Fb1HX7i_k83hGwAu67fVJumLtk_NAhsyitfrgpg527nl0ZlGxtwd96SMeIypoUvAaZ1xCgfh24V-C2K69FLq7SyloUSoi/s1600/ab_throttle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1305" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLTRWhRgL515AyYXqQep24LWXvbWgIP5d4JTLKIr7Fb1HX7i_k83hGwAu67fVJumLtk_NAhsyitfrgpg527nl0ZlGxtwd96SMeIypoUvAaZ1xCgfh24V-C2K69FLq7SyloUSoi/s640/ab_throttle.jpg" width="490" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Most tired nuts and bolts get replaced as part of this process. However, those lovely Sega screws get treated to a fresh coat of black paint!!</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbBB6Zt8JgQ-S-In4E1zwfswBpUNzK3afaaRPBpzENONyVbIlT3Usrz7h8W-lIIsSVAaGTkFVA5Yw7qpqWGatiJR3kxFI-Wm1SZGmcfdtpplozISnVoA9CdnGGqyCsyidSdVXK/s1600/ab_screws.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbBB6Zt8JgQ-S-In4E1zwfswBpUNzK3afaaRPBpzENONyVbIlT3Usrz7h8W-lIIsSVAaGTkFVA5Yw7qpqWGatiJR3kxFI-Wm1SZGmcfdtpplozISnVoA9CdnGGqyCsyidSdVXK/s640/ab_screws.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
The control panel plastic is also cleaned and ready to go.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy5JcPP8_Sr4Lsj6YNU7lZdtxy4WYgYzNiExl_RCRRfXk1FEGLRe6DQyL75TPRQ7a3eaaYWeEN23QcUPhkzCd8i0IKHrS5lmWgDHmtTzg9xXMoIlh5x0sWMCWJ9whOyQxsr0Ud/s1600/ab_plastic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy5JcPP8_Sr4Lsj6YNU7lZdtxy4WYgYzNiExl_RCRRfXk1FEGLRe6DQyL75TPRQ7a3eaaYWeEN23QcUPhkzCd8i0IKHrS5lmWgDHmtTzg9xXMoIlh5x0sWMCWJ9whOyQxsr0Ud/s640/ab_plastic.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
The control panel is fully rebuilt. This is pure porn territory now.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx4n3JkK5JAmECOpVxE3ipMomQHCtqTU01c1-tqB1mpZGzJq10M0GOcg_KOg4ZFQjFnIBOsiZh70yMeylftprHyVijFKIqdAQZMdHpd4eOnPa45REgMCSklhUHy4kwE9c9Sg5z/s1600/20160712_224025.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx4n3JkK5JAmECOpVxE3ipMomQHCtqTU01c1-tqB1mpZGzJq10M0GOcg_KOg4ZFQjFnIBOsiZh70yMeylftprHyVijFKIqdAQZMdHpd4eOnPa45REgMCSklhUHy4kwE9c9Sg5z/s640/20160712_224025.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
Time to fit the control panel back to the cabinet. But first to fix the wiring it connects to. Originally it looked something like this when I opened the cab. The chocolate blocks generally represent missing plugs.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitho93y8h2P8QFp4L2-TfhqEvWbR4ZmaIom-QbQB7ci8qbUbhefJbDy1wP3KiYd016Wgi35WI-sN4C3S8fORuRidQDMXMH1x8nsE2clQFXA5e5nQtthqh7MlmDltvDhPnpIW9K/s1600/ab_wires1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="648" data-original-width="1000" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitho93y8h2P8QFp4L2-TfhqEvWbR4ZmaIom-QbQB7ci8qbUbhefJbDy1wP3KiYd016Wgi35WI-sN4C3S8fORuRidQDMXMH1x8nsE2clQFXA5e5nQtthqh7MlmDltvDhPnpIW9K/s640/ab_wires1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
My original plan was to connect new Mate N Lok connectors and remove the chocolate blocks completely. I'd studied the manual which helpfully lists the connector pinouts and wiring colours. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
However, after removing yet more electrical tape that I thought was acting as an impromptu cable tie, I found that at least 8 wires had been damaged, probably trapped in the control panel mech, and almost destroyed at some point in the past, many of these were the 'good' wires still attached to connectors. Bugger. Some examples below. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja44wQNeXfUOQshM58zEYmZ4VQe-pGb51NdH1nRMotyv8xakBTZQMm5PvtgDkbuSxhcRVSLDOYBf79bokJUj1Ac6e2iv0mCQn0kAPRLyirUXftaL46WiRV19MIzBZJhFFHbqlT/s1600/ab_wires2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja44wQNeXfUOQshM58zEYmZ4VQe-pGb51NdH1nRMotyv8xakBTZQMm5PvtgDkbuSxhcRVSLDOYBf79bokJUj1Ac6e2iv0mCQn0kAPRLyirUXftaL46WiRV19MIzBZJhFFHbqlT/s640/ab_wires2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Some of the cuts were quite far into the harness. There simply wasn't enough good wire left for me to just add new connectors, and I wasn't willing to build an entirely new harness from scratch. Crimping pins with my head halfway in the machine wasn't proving particularly easy. I extended the wiring where necessary with chocolate blocks, but also added new connectors. In theory I can now connect up the refurbished controls when they are complete. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXB33MVTTlR4EnqDsAYKzT5pH7sbAaQ0Pa8zMc6JKKsz4AAC-IKcEqKjSPzusRqIVaT8GQEA3zarZf6cGRsf62qRppGIYSG-CCXkRq-HnbJ8HGT1xqnc7792Re3c4so-dvmjhK/s1600/ab_wires3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXB33MVTTlR4EnqDsAYKzT5pH7sbAaQ0Pa8zMc6JKKsz4AAC-IKcEqKjSPzusRqIVaT8GQEA3zarZf6cGRsf62qRppGIYSG-CCXkRq-HnbJ8HGT1xqnc7792Re3c4so-dvmjhK/s640/ab_wires3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
Someone really hated this cabinet in the past. At least I now knew the wiring history. Someone must have literally shut the control panel hinge and snipped all the wiring in one fell swoop.<br />
<br />
Anyway, back to the most important job on my list - fixing the goddamn AfterBurner joystick! I bought myself the following <a href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B001C7QYB4/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o03_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1">thread repair kit</a> from Amazon.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiinemZqnGjiqM9oTZI882MEatj5oCfBqMy9xABdmA8ew6nu2KdB6036V4hFvTyqdZT-XDqrsYY8A-CfcccLdRHVjNvOFMbw6oP2vfNFEAke_dEic58QUcMZqA3f1hmL7rkBlND/s1600/thread_repair_kit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="355" data-original-width="355" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiinemZqnGjiqM9oTZI882MEatj5oCfBqMy9xABdmA8ew6nu2KdB6036V4hFvTyqdZT-XDqrsYY8A-CfcccLdRHVjNvOFMbw6oP2vfNFEAke_dEic58QUcMZqA3f1hmL7rkBlND/s320/thread_repair_kit.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
I didn't need to completely drill out the existing holes as recommended in the kit manual. They had already worn way larger than M5 bolt size. I was worried at this stage that the existing holes would be beyond repair. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
I used a tap wrench to cut a new thread:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCHGZi2umMlZiCYK8hxUBXgocVzO4_W9j6NHQYmIyL7Ao4cmhVoI87Hr1BcF-7Nz-C79d_g7i0SBMxmdFsZhqP-h7L7pcswZre9UJQhiV4QITraUd8aQXM4DiI2sUltfyLJrGe/s1600/thread_repair1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCHGZi2umMlZiCYK8hxUBXgocVzO4_W9j6NHQYmIyL7Ao4cmhVoI87Hr1BcF-7Nz-C79d_g7i0SBMxmdFsZhqP-h7L7pcswZre9UJQhiV4QITraUd8aQXM4DiI2sUltfyLJrGe/s640/thread_repair1.jpg" width="358" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
I then screwed the new coils into place. Here's one going in:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPkZTcNXdut6vz93gOJc5zc-M6doZnZUZJPf7TQ3SFfw6cguHSvMhSN0Uw1aNpahd8z7vQklvYYHB57W04SFoyrHjfWfIuGzphRQDrZl8KicMU9AqTHpAkhLCxnpBqy-LeVZ3Q/s1600/thread_repair2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPkZTcNXdut6vz93gOJc5zc-M6doZnZUZJPf7TQ3SFfw6cguHSvMhSN0Uw1aNpahd8z7vQklvYYHB57W04SFoyrHjfWfIuGzphRQDrZl8KicMU9AqTHpAkhLCxnpBqy-LeVZ3Q/s640/thread_repair2.jpg" width="358" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
I finally reassembled the handle and screwed the intended M5 bolts back in. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr5ItRP-WqdzMwrddFkb4o5RDRuHwyHDFxQln5xNO7Wmur62WzsV1Kp4jVNM4ooOBYwxPTepRuufeSXcQxnHw5K-dauj2yj35S-eQWGi5kg-x2zqAI5_n7zmoBml-GbWCdbd00/s1600/thread_repair3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr5ItRP-WqdzMwrddFkb4o5RDRuHwyHDFxQln5xNO7Wmur62WzsV1Kp4jVNM4ooOBYwxPTepRuufeSXcQxnHw5K-dauj2yj35S-eQWGi5kg-x2zqAI5_n7zmoBml-GbWCdbd00/s640/thread_repair3.jpg" width="358" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Wow, at the moment the handle is completely tight. It's gone from a load of flappy nonsense to something totally playable. Let's hope it stays that way!</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>Baseboard</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
I decided to press ahead with sorting the base board out. I was reluctant to get started on this, as the cab was playing nicely. But it at least needs a good clean up and the bottom of the cab was filthy. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXcBGYRZ9gLX5GQtTwc_N-THfaKdIjdUROJsNkU2d1xa7I7E1q-MWMHLJTObgctLIid3vbSM2hLq-LIvFelBsU4KyeqXHG6RSb6LZF8DD-zBGsPOtpMZYTRMMVHJnLBnY1VBfH/s1600/20160906_221554.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="609" data-original-width="1000" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXcBGYRZ9gLX5GQtTwc_N-THfaKdIjdUROJsNkU2d1xa7I7E1q-MWMHLJTObgctLIid3vbSM2hLq-LIvFelBsU4KyeqXHG6RSb6LZF8DD-zBGsPOtpMZYTRMMVHJnLBnY1VBfH/s640/20160906_221554.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Washed the DC 12V PSU in the sink. Recapped the entire board whilst I had it out. I tested the old caps on my meter and they all seemed within acceptable range so looks like those old caps survived well.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Cap List</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
35v 2200uF 85c 18mm diameter</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
35v 2200uF 85c 18mm diameter</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
16v 2200uF 85c 10mm diameter</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
50v 10uF 105c</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
50v 10uF 105c</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
50v 10uF 105c</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
All caps manufactured by Rubycon.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_ezr7HFsDeJw4dJR-Sas4i9_9s0eRoZN9eYE25LJJYunPLGmGOwyxkgQcpdRVdqSowsCxphqwMVzdWFJvtGptRoX6U7ooHUp4RjzExzF7fBZQ0JyzIxvrQf14YWm_44YY_yP5/s1600/12vdc_psu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="759" data-original-width="1000" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_ezr7HFsDeJw4dJR-Sas4i9_9s0eRoZN9eYE25LJJYunPLGmGOwyxkgQcpdRVdqSowsCxphqwMVzdWFJvtGptRoX6U7ooHUp4RjzExzF7fBZQ0JyzIxvrQf14YWm_44YY_yP5/s640/12vdc_psu.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Dismantled and washed most components in the sink</li>
<li>Recapped the 18V AC to 12V DC power supply </li>
<li>Found some microscopic live little creatures living under the 5V DC PSU. What were they living on for all this time?</li>
<li>Replaced most of the bolts and screws, with the exception of the ones in the green SSR (Solid State Relay) boards which appear impossible to remove</li>
<li>Dismantled and cleaned inside the 5V DC PSU.</li>
<li>Removed the surface corrosion from the giant transformer. Could have gone further if I'd removed it completely, but didn't fancy desoldering loads of wires. </li>
<li>Replace crimp terminal connectors for the wiring. The silver (tin?) ones are all fine. The copper ones literally fell apart once removed. <a href="http://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/crimp-receptacles/6831493/">Used these</a>.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW774nm9cBDL793g2KAXsjNxZBOMkWnKR-QiBot22Uvtoeyn6EXoLb1yu_zzbqEyWXw-hOkMvLXtmCp8y60UGmI6YHVyn1J7cqytsaDZd_7ljxEzXNJSJ0WGEUrycFykN4GMzZ/s1600/baseboard.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW774nm9cBDL793g2KAXsjNxZBOMkWnKR-QiBot22Uvtoeyn6EXoLb1yu_zzbqEyWXw-hOkMvLXtmCp8y60UGmI6YHVyn1J7cqytsaDZd_7ljxEzXNJSJ0WGEUrycFykN4GMzZ/s640/baseboard.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
I must say I have a lot of respect to anyone who restores a deluxe Sega machine. Just doing a basic upright is pretty time consuming! These old cabs just get so filthy. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Went a bit crazy and reproduced the 240 Volt stickers. I tried to identify the original font with a number of online recognition tools, but they all failed to provide a solid match. In the end I used my eyes, and went with Franklin Gothic Medium which is pretty close. Guess which is the old one. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3fIxR0M-Uld2TzkT_lxxaSDY-HytTxI51yIwjfCpyIuPAUsO3rzaRkBKa37ixOFebl9Z4v-XWp3dQU5nPgAhcDSg4cXsznqtFfGMtIuvWwUiTsqegvx2k5dgP8GKEFSZftBJ9/s1600/20160928_205921.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="551" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3fIxR0M-Uld2TzkT_lxxaSDY-HytTxI51yIwjfCpyIuPAUsO3rzaRkBKa37ixOFebl9Z4v-XWp3dQU5nPgAhcDSg4cXsznqtFfGMtIuvWwUiTsqegvx2k5dgP8GKEFSZftBJ9/s320/20160928_205921.jpg" width="176" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9bnH1273QaWrzK5IRUA9Hx5FdQPbLsDeFZ1lGNsGY2HuqaZKOPJt3OgPyGcK0chGX-JFz4JYQzN1Qe-ZJhQ7QWF3Y3y5AEVjyDcLwWfdhjjQi3i7XSsD0OpOTJwJALp91v1oG/s1600/20160928_210535.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="1000" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9bnH1273QaWrzK5IRUA9Hx5FdQPbLsDeFZ1lGNsGY2HuqaZKOPJt3OgPyGcK0chGX-JFz4JYQzN1Qe-ZJhQ7QWF3Y3y5AEVjyDcLwWfdhjjQi3i7XSsD0OpOTJwJALp91v1oG/s400/20160928_210535.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<b>Service Switch</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Sanded and resprayed the metal housing for the volume control, test switches and circuit breakers. The white paper label had a nicer looking label underneath it, so I just removed it. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj63pg6jSjz1xXHEgdXffzU8Fm5g4wa34DEP2DVk918nndtoJa6hOMN5R8dW1z0_n0rd6Mk8qehhbhlmaEh8GZrr5ex2XmdgSQSAvnmotDc6TAnFT0hkonbqggUYCYzdBnBD4Eo/s1600/P1030414.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="830" data-original-width="1000" height="530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj63pg6jSjz1xXHEgdXffzU8Fm5g4wa34DEP2DVk918nndtoJa6hOMN5R8dW1z0_n0rd6Mk8qehhbhlmaEh8GZrr5ex2XmdgSQSAvnmotDc6TAnFT0hkonbqggUYCYzdBnBD4Eo/s640/P1030414.JPG" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9-Q_Brj8sv-NuILzODr1oz571X3lZTACfPwjhnZwnovLeDcygzbcfzf6JPy-CHV4rCwpY_mdZn7RHiHnUQk_OgvwOeP_eJ9sHlfC_GBeA0hI1h8iiLJj6hNIcyazBcFamDV2-/s1600/P1030419.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="860" data-original-width="1000" height="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9-Q_Brj8sv-NuILzODr1oz571X3lZTACfPwjhnZwnovLeDcygzbcfzf6JPy-CHV4rCwpY_mdZn7RHiHnUQk_OgvwOeP_eJ9sHlfC_GBeA0hI1h8iiLJj6hNIcyazBcFamDV2-/s640/P1030419.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<b>PCB & Cage</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Sanity checked the PCB to ensure there was nothing scary going on in there. It was all fine.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7_xC_keCK1BXIZ-sU-ASI7jzg5QnrI-xEjXhetzLDs0mhm7PD8OzaZIZ2X2aUqwPKMwls2vWQ_QVT96KGGr8o53IhAqDVhzGO9M-YXpiFQozLDd2gwSsPNDXRWjB6u09tM98n/s1600/P1030424.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7_xC_keCK1BXIZ-sU-ASI7jzg5QnrI-xEjXhetzLDs0mhm7PD8OzaZIZ2X2aUqwPKMwls2vWQ_QVT96KGGr8o53IhAqDVhzGO9M-YXpiFQozLDd2gwSsPNDXRWjB6u09tM98n/s640/P1030424.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Programmed and installed the <a href="http://reassembler.blogspot.com/2017/04/afterburner-2-enhanced-edition.html">AfterBurner Enhanced Roms</a>.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX_cMUMqxHUkLXqn8hIUIjlXZtuQZWuBtqOtHhG4DerJ3KutaMHOjPJ6nKWhbS8Qqb1pj7qxRqkd2egYQUyc1owzxZJya55rLqKK6IJQnw6Pa7RrotWYJTnfzwB7KYjw8_jPBr/s1600/ab2_eproms.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX_cMUMqxHUkLXqn8hIUIjlXZtuQZWuBtqOtHhG4DerJ3KutaMHOjPJ6nKWhbS8Qqb1pj7qxRqkd2egYQUyc1owzxZJya55rLqKK6IJQnw6Pa7RrotWYJTnfzwB7KYjw8_jPBr/s400/ab2_eproms.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Made a quick harness so that I could run the PCB outside of the cabinet.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwjBwLOybkY49-C-8TU1xrcK8yMZs9oDYvhMCsaDNFFaxbf2WqJgbhkUkKbnCLUYPvPg6HGCxsFTVG62uXKqF2pjdwwjXiavjuqqrNmqTpTBwxH_xbIftd9wZH8JSYUONhkTq-/s1600/ab2_boardharness.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="783" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwjBwLOybkY49-C-8TU1xrcK8yMZs9oDYvhMCsaDNFFaxbf2WqJgbhkUkKbnCLUYPvPg6HGCxsFTVG62uXKqF2pjdwwjXiavjuqqrNmqTpTBwxH_xbIftd9wZH8JSYUONhkTq-/s640/ab2_boardharness.jpg" width="500" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
The cage 'door' to access the dip switches was unusable as the cage back was mounted the wrong way round. I corrected this.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtFDzI6Ox00y0DFBDCx_G22_2autDI5kndINFBieHeYPqV5JULXY1fbgyML3U9V6pfJ2gwtvqyzltTh3Kq1qM3qvPyf8YbW-b5dV1jjRGvFodvIpE6CXNbn645NEY3xTVmJdZD/s1600/P1030425.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="1000" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtFDzI6Ox00y0DFBDCx_G22_2autDI5kndINFBieHeYPqV5JULXY1fbgyML3U9V6pfJ2gwtvqyzltTh3Kq1qM3qvPyf8YbW-b5dV1jjRGvFodvIpE6CXNbn645NEY3xTVmJdZD/s640/P1030425.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Reinstalled everything back in the cab. The cables need some tidying up still once I verify everything is working. It's no longer the filth pit it once was at least. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLiWl_EoOYmEMhrGew40qfoCIDQW0yXtY9IzXk6CwtdVEbsVUKfjiYvTUr2Yq8VVJWhgbgZrdcJ8vpATnk3K0U2RcmIUeEW37bS4xezYdYQvKnhsEPmRffbC-9xGlBPxYZmDvR/s1600/P1030426.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="750" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLiWl_EoOYmEMhrGew40qfoCIDQW0yXtY9IzXk6CwtdVEbsVUKfjiYvTUr2Yq8VVJWhgbgZrdcJ8vpATnk3K0U2RcmIUeEW37bS4xezYdYQvKnhsEPmRffbC-9xGlBPxYZmDvR/s640/P1030426.JPG" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>Cabinet Repairs</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Removed the T-Molding, front metal plate and used some Ronseal wood hardener on the corners.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf2_jEBwMx1BRiYqLYJ6Jor2m5hWPcHNAsKzfm0RVEqbh5tm34IEAY-8IZYWXyWwO3ZZO0ioTgZx48ylvneJKAO0NSlGq20zk5imiYGtUuBN7VDYse8G_SWIUBtnuzFOMpFvYa/s1600/20161015_194343.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="473" data-original-width="1000" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf2_jEBwMx1BRiYqLYJ6Jor2m5hWPcHNAsKzfm0RVEqbh5tm34IEAY-8IZYWXyWwO3ZZO0ioTgZx48ylvneJKAO0NSlGq20zk5imiYGtUuBN7VDYse8G_SWIUBtnuzFOMpFvYa/s640/20161015_194343.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4z9VmBpaelAoSULvOr6O464H-KQsuOa306nhr1x5FyDxznR_hPrvikjZ-QUo3Ser-qEJ1BZIGBfs4rQEEdeUjwbaypVcIfWtmLtNla2OfYtur3gVE28W9UvXNLCi_Y_pri9ba/s1600/20161015_194352.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="711" data-original-width="1000" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4z9VmBpaelAoSULvOr6O464H-KQsuOa306nhr1x5FyDxznR_hPrvikjZ-QUo3Ser-qEJ1BZIGBfs4rQEEdeUjwbaypVcIfWtmLtNla2OfYtur3gVE28W9UvXNLCi_Y_pri9ba/s640/20161015_194352.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Let's get seriously high on P38 fumes and repair those corners! Wood hardener, pin construction and cardboard template thingie shown below.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG8MM8R_bALXi6SUoSIY8DRfrP6g8Z7Kga7Pc7oXrNG4QxfVqm3E2HN_fKJnVXJCHmwfDRFHLUcV0qHBMOOFPQfS-dxScTGskxziXW17xckqjYBFN1OlnEJQ-jvSdk7ojxj8Wy/s1600/P1030428.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG8MM8R_bALXi6SUoSIY8DRfrP6g8Z7Kga7Pc7oXrNG4QxfVqm3E2HN_fKJnVXJCHmwfDRFHLUcV0qHBMOOFPQfS-dxScTGskxziXW17xckqjYBFN1OlnEJQ-jvSdk7ojxj8Wy/s640/P1030428.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKkkOlA8lAOKW-2eSkxCP6F0rwiL3P0nFDUIsbRGJTaAKQeVCEI_FbunB4Ao-QAvaN3fe3r-6o2Lj8ppdWaS2Vg1Ah2AoXusZ5JBZbmZWKqxLEbG4sQxbhbX8q56ixYLtkDz_E/s1600/P1030429.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="529" data-original-width="600" height="564" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKkkOlA8lAOKW-2eSkxCP6F0rwiL3P0nFDUIsbRGJTaAKQeVCEI_FbunB4Ao-QAvaN3fe3r-6o2Lj8ppdWaS2Vg1Ah2AoXusZ5JBZbmZWKqxLEbG4sQxbhbX8q56ixYLtkDz_E/s640/P1030429.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Applied the P38 and sanded down:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx3SKc1Q4EVIH2XNHW4ITYrcmkuXPykMnucK3Q6uM1YGb-gNr-N5GcNx4TQaFC_SH9P8HTeVuw5bg9eVZpzZkgKFPwUtIwNAMaoCEem8rphQ7dMTcOIPkFFSWQwz_OOQWveGbm/s1600/P1030431.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx3SKc1Q4EVIH2XNHW4ITYrcmkuXPykMnucK3Q6uM1YGb-gNr-N5GcNx4TQaFC_SH9P8HTeVuw5bg9eVZpzZkgKFPwUtIwNAMaoCEem8rphQ7dMTcOIPkFFSWQwz_OOQWveGbm/s640/P1030431.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJYivsKOPr5P8vo1dNzqp4qTBvF3SzHj-oSEsXoimgPpRFhrYH0Uf3iOA4zwgzHtpJCPTFwgJJFNQzC4CwbRrPNKadWl3I70QzxhFDqeOZmb44r_VB4y3I2C5MYi7m7-0TkOqx/s1600/P1030433.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJYivsKOPr5P8vo1dNzqp4qTBvF3SzHj-oSEsXoimgPpRFhrYH0Uf3iOA4zwgzHtpJCPTFwgJJFNQzC4CwbRrPNKadWl3I70QzxhFDqeOZmb44r_VB4y3I2C5MYi7m7-0TkOqx/s640/P1030433.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
I dislike repairing wood work with a passion! It's boring, time consuming and incredibly messy to do indoors - dust particles everywhere, sheets, hoovering etc. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
It was tricky getting a good finish doing the filling, sanding and painting in situ. Far easier to sand and get good results if you fully gut the cab and tip it on its side. I didn't this time around, but you pay a small price on the finish I think.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
I primed and painted with rollers brushes as I was doing this inside my house. The finish isn't bad - obviously not as good as spraying, but given it's just the base it is acceptable. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
The T-Molding I bought from swallow amusements was about 2mm wider than the existing T-Molding, and the stuff you can get from t-molding.com. Barely noticeable, but worth bearing in mind if you need to order any. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3GRfJDpXKleRoWWKXTu5uq0YAGYtUrdmiC-J3kLtGzhzNbKY4sIajU6-zn76JzcTxvZ6SWcXVhmMPagQHcX1wipcEs3Xv-5vlHRLXJsvOylgPO55wAjO2Le6vYJjzhyfqsk87/s1600/P1030434.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="1001" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3GRfJDpXKleRoWWKXTu5uq0YAGYtUrdmiC-J3kLtGzhzNbKY4sIajU6-zn76JzcTxvZ6SWcXVhmMPagQHcX1wipcEs3Xv-5vlHRLXJsvOylgPO55wAjO2Le6vYJjzhyfqsk87/s640/P1030434.JPG" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
I replaced the nails that held in the base plate with screws. I also polished the base plate as best I could, but it was pretty scratched. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLu7-flygVDHkEcU4_vLux_Dg02wsENNM_TevyHCPD-pza9JqzN6kw-FPpHx06Xyb9WwCCmI_0474r-kxCkxsZhuSCPOlcQDB3PGSYem3K6oLhaDkasbKlShgv8aqy1ZMkt32A/s1600/P1030435.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLu7-flygVDHkEcU4_vLux_Dg02wsENNM_TevyHCPD-pza9JqzN6kw-FPpHx06Xyb9WwCCmI_0474r-kxCkxsZhuSCPOlcQDB3PGSYem3K6oLhaDkasbKlShgv8aqy1ZMkt32A/s640/P1030435.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXP9xCyfdTHS4zqWIg6KEymZsbWxnDafrTJt0q64mZfxxMVr3JHmtxcCgqL3WiAmABlLKWB7bjj3nRj_Kvqh8d4kz2F5jVn0mal1ENsYzT_Ts7Sa1WHYM7xXGsePNGZXSzpKun/s1600/P1030439.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="619" data-original-width="1000" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXP9xCyfdTHS4zqWIg6KEymZsbWxnDafrTJt0q64mZfxxMVr3JHmtxcCgqL3WiAmABlLKWB7bjj3nRj_Kvqh8d4kz2F5jVn0mal1ENsYzT_Ts7Sa1WHYM7xXGsePNGZXSzpKun/s640/P1030439.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Bought some <a href="http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/361452340339?_trksid=p2057872.m2749.l2649&var=630815912400&ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT">M5 hex drive screws</a>. These are great at repairing cabinet problems where captive nuts have been smashed off or lost. It's tricky to install captive nuts in a cabinet unless you fully dismantle it as you hammer them in; whereas these just fasten into the wood and then the M5 bolts screw directly into them. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCIvdhnbJ3gLmpNQmfr9QFJxei2AtQstuwhll57fI5qwgldCZfOHmNc8VRGjBx8ulwiGsUKiLcc5r12sHABrFf14nk20howSFOnu2slYWRINvvktZ-PTBzhXMTafR2WziaGA84/s1600/20161104_213512.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="281" data-original-width="500" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCIvdhnbJ3gLmpNQmfr9QFJxei2AtQstuwhll57fI5qwgldCZfOHmNc8VRGjBx8ulwiGsUKiLcc5r12sHABrFf14nk20howSFOnu2slYWRINvvktZ-PTBzhXMTafR2WziaGA84/s640/20161104_213512.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Fitted a replacement coin box, as the original was missing. Maybe I'll get round to painting it one day..</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1h4m9GD3JurTh-2TNdg1YjGGJmC-g09BVkKC6v0cV9QIoi1ShFXf_1ZqVcM13nmvd9MxaLnncFbcZlIen6bdg9_yh01zY80JFB91gnq36Xe9P8KtdOzNAadhuPqjeqdBCkk2G/s1600/IMG_20170912_195804.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1h4m9GD3JurTh-2TNdg1YjGGJmC-g09BVkKC6v0cV9QIoi1ShFXf_1ZqVcM13nmvd9MxaLnncFbcZlIen6bdg9_yh01zY80JFB91gnq36Xe9P8KtdOzNAadhuPqjeqdBCkk2G/s400/IMG_20170912_195804.jpg" width="298" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<b>Lights</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Fitted E17 dimmable LEDs to replace the flashing lights. They work nicely. Only difference from bulbs is they glow dimly rather than turn off completely. But it saves bulbs continually going.</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim3HiPqBPx1NIy7-0tmLkbEgprWdyn5JvsOUD5nmc6xviPdCwN2ex3bJDFE5L5tdFihQ5xs8E_kK0QVjcXzMUzQpupOsF6-KaevWhyjFVjFVT9Bh9siIQgGtJLF_xyf7ZAKYL4/s1600/ab2_leds.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="449" data-original-width="600" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim3HiPqBPx1NIy7-0tmLkbEgprWdyn5JvsOUD5nmc6xviPdCwN2ex3bJDFE5L5tdFihQ5xs8E_kK0QVjcXzMUzQpupOsF6-KaevWhyjFVjFVT9Bh9siIQgGtJLF_xyf7ZAKYL4/s400/ab2_leds.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Replaced the coin door bulb with a 5V DC wedge LED.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjilKCxfD3hNGImyOvN0QQVN4I9R_7O5hVw0WZmSGkUYCElurjvQqTdLlDo7nx-2_osWvitwNpBkxioTmO3x6j69IdR200SmRkslNhm_BGhy2K770KTbKnQnca_y8nkvYMI_mlg/s1600/ab2_coindoor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="464" data-original-width="600" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjilKCxfD3hNGImyOvN0QQVN4I9R_7O5hVw0WZmSGkUYCElurjvQqTdLlDo7nx-2_osWvitwNpBkxioTmO3x6j69IdR200SmRkslNhm_BGhy2K770KTbKnQnca_y8nkvYMI_mlg/s400/ab2_coindoor.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<b>Monitor</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Had the monitor serviced by Gunblade. It was working respectably, but the width was pulsing depending on the screen brightness. He replaced a cap and fixed a bad solder joint. Monitor reinstalled, calibrated and looks fantastic (although you can't tell in the photo below). Hard to justify spending any time on a monitor when he offers such a good service. Posted the chassis to him Monday and had it back in the cab 3 days later!</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMEwevBv7XTplrvLOYbReOjyCmCRXNsaPIR8WdIc4nF8HZD5ARhxfb0e18ndcHjVtAGwqjPbByjDkfwgDz5UUK1FLieEj8_hOR5xy72bkjgtWrhlHCEJnsgCRpfGErajeAu_AB/s1600/ab2_monitor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="914" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMEwevBv7XTplrvLOYbReOjyCmCRXNsaPIR8WdIc4nF8HZD5ARhxfb0e18ndcHjVtAGwqjPbByjDkfwgDz5UUK1FLieEj8_hOR5xy72bkjgtWrhlHCEJnsgCRpfGErajeAu_AB/s640/ab2_monitor.jpg" width="584" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<b>Plastics</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Polish, polish, clean. The plastics on this machine really were in nice condition. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU9yzwZaOhu90lEn1HzJyYgOgyKh8CzAyPKjS-Yx5EWFyc6hnB3xCWbwOz_8HQjjO4CCU9zIfEFXyzG1YyaGdRiNysgZ_6lL53kxjYjGfEO-uBRA6RMNGfxgVpPZDSQ3PN4HzF/s1600/20161104_215221.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU9yzwZaOhu90lEn1HzJyYgOgyKh8CzAyPKjS-Yx5EWFyc6hnB3xCWbwOz_8HQjjO4CCU9zIfEFXyzG1YyaGdRiNysgZ_6lL53kxjYjGfEO-uBRA6RMNGfxgVpPZDSQ3PN4HzF/s640/20161104_215221.jpg" width="360" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Plastics reattached. Cab is beginning to look pretty tasty now. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlJrp9G-fiXmHn2w6vWQu3Rw8OIAOT5e8xKyW9cg02JwD0YWuwOCIwz3Xqh0_WD2nnQvGrsCkB5yWDZwmrsEKUVAdA0Tjn7eVS_oJFZFcWHgUYnaY8nGdrcfcLqGiA20CZuf0p/s1600/P1030464.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlJrp9G-fiXmHn2w6vWQu3Rw8OIAOT5e8xKyW9cg02JwD0YWuwOCIwz3Xqh0_WD2nnQvGrsCkB5yWDZwmrsEKUVAdA0Tjn7eVS_oJFZFcWHgUYnaY8nGdrcfcLqGiA20CZuf0p/s640/P1030464.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9G_R4CAG4IXvzHaVDlQv5mV4RL7XadRWzByTvwTh3l5H5hnMgQ3abiR81V-Nu-e1yFGC-1Dy0DRVGyawgRi5tMuqZBBoY_P43hc7lTT3NJSeqA3vxm6CLzxr_Bf5Ea6jZYno5/s1600/P1030466.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9G_R4CAG4IXvzHaVDlQv5mV4RL7XadRWzByTvwTh3l5H5hnMgQ3abiR81V-Nu-e1yFGC-1Dy0DRVGyawgRi5tMuqZBBoY_P43hc7lTT3NJSeqA3vxm6CLzxr_Bf5Ea6jZYno5/s640/P1030466.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj83IqQ9n63O0nUBvR4aZ1QMzvL0VmTLo8wj2svnLfLgeoCEu4QvrIjwn4XMZNY2JaJPkhA4028uqg1S9paizyKxktvpTDforeW8qoJ-wsMhTxezpjKIP1Hs27VnquoBucGvUSB/s1600/P1030467.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1514" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj83IqQ9n63O0nUBvR4aZ1QMzvL0VmTLo8wj2svnLfLgeoCEu4QvrIjwn4XMZNY2JaJPkhA4028uqg1S9paizyKxktvpTDforeW8qoJ-wsMhTxezpjKIP1Hs27VnquoBucGvUSB/s640/P1030467.JPG" width="422" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>Sideart</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The existing cabinet sides are not too bad... </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqwpYs6ZFzCeJqDFee1aRrQMJ8P-LbzLYFqPPtLKXXSQWI-b5-oaXyX8jhRXB8b0ufWkb0sVEhSP0jSG8cDYG1w9pXHX4__ijIgkAkfSmEyLifeDuOQTe-SvJiAUJHfcfsr9id/s1600/ab2_001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1493" data-original-width="1001" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqwpYs6ZFzCeJqDFee1aRrQMJ8P-LbzLYFqPPtLKXXSQWI-b5-oaXyX8jhRXB8b0ufWkb0sVEhSP0jSG8cDYG1w9pXHX4__ijIgkAkfSmEyLifeDuOQTe-SvJiAUJHfcfsr9id/s640/ab2_001.jpg" width="428" /></a></div>
<br />
Until you start looking closely that is...<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYC0rubQ5FAp2rorDtmSMjc5TLWuHOc4CkSLll_vJ4hbskE8v4Rtvr4sBHwulE5FEiWR24oJDba1GaNeai_T152rYL65vIDfFD1VVb3v2E3JwAkM1kWIe9sVYweAYpEKKKXxeu/s1600/ab2_002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYC0rubQ5FAp2rorDtmSMjc5TLWuHOc4CkSLll_vJ4hbskE8v4Rtvr4sBHwulE5FEiWR24oJDba1GaNeai_T152rYL65vIDfFD1VVb3v2E3JwAkM1kWIe9sVYweAYpEKKKXxeu/s640/ab2_002.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div>
For the first side, I used a hairdryer to loosen the existing glue. The artwork peeled off in minutes. However, the cabinet was left covered in sticky glue residue. I used a dry cloth and applied WD-40, which works wonders when it comes to removing old glue. It pretty much causes the glue drop off the cabinet with some gentle rubbing. The downside is that this has the potential to be a messy process if you're not careful, as you end up with oily goblets of glue dropping everywhere. Here I am, halfway through this process. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSvzh1aXOl0uqShz4R5fBCvjQhYAlmqtIVN-xBsO99fAUu8c-YIdzA7vGaUybPYs07LuRK9qILc6l56JyKY0D3JEUCK1xgUQA-_ZOJzWG1m5tJrruA6TbVXKvotrGE7UeK59Qt/s1600/ab2_005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1406" data-original-width="1000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSvzh1aXOl0uqShz4R5fBCvjQhYAlmqtIVN-xBsO99fAUu8c-YIdzA7vGaUybPYs07LuRK9qILc6l56JyKY0D3JEUCK1xgUQA-_ZOJzWG1m5tJrruA6TbVXKvotrGE7UeK59Qt/s320/ab2_005.jpg" width="227" /></a><span style="text-align: left;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrE_8-quIMb9LD7bJTot00Cxq5uPIbEBUJS3zBXVOIsIkhVXgWOonrNXUcyri_7814OkSgyx1eoMcxXhRMt-2OAKc_7gB1all7yVZ9rF-VdGQ3d1W49QSa0D-geMO15EztKv6X/s1600/ab2_006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="1001" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrE_8-quIMb9LD7bJTot00Cxq5uPIbEBUJS3zBXVOIsIkhVXgWOonrNXUcyri_7814OkSgyx1eoMcxXhRMt-2OAKc_7gB1all7yVZ9rF-VdGQ3d1W49QSa0D-geMO15EztKv6X/s320/ab2_006.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
For the second side, I decided to try and peel the artwork slowly off. This was exceptionally fiddly and took about five times as long as the hairdryer method, but left little to no glue residue. So overall, this method was a net positive as there was no additional work required. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
I purchased the reproduction artwork from thisoldgame. The quality is great, but it took around 4 months to show up. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
The only difference I noticed was the sky colour, which is lighter in the repro (right hand side). That being said, who is to say that the existing sideart was consistent in terms of colour palette. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3G10w-JT7wtC1iu6HCDUZRz6Hix-j-WdzHMyuPIzwcb0zbQqn9GUeJRx3BCVQW7QjK_LuPTUxvzOig53PI0uHXpqTSQLhmc7W8r7stAI7BAPErIWpvaB7-Qu3PaRj0js6mE84/s1600/ab2_003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3G10w-JT7wtC1iu6HCDUZRz6Hix-j-WdzHMyuPIzwcb0zbQqn9GUeJRx3BCVQW7QjK_LuPTUxvzOig53PI0uHXpqTSQLhmc7W8r7stAI7BAPErIWpvaB7-Qu3PaRj0js6mE84/s640/ab2_003.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
The rest appears identical.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL98R6dQSuifV382hHAFf-IgTWPJiQboyAm35wXWkbAr893LdDzeMPqmyKlPMgccEF6KvdtO-QCcDjQIguUnnwbsir_wkYLhuYjZXL3jIs7fY0vSEauRaa7p9m-kl-vtLDS0HN/s1600/ab2_004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL98R6dQSuifV382hHAFf-IgTWPJiQboyAm35wXWkbAr893LdDzeMPqmyKlPMgccEF6KvdtO-QCcDjQIguUnnwbsir_wkYLhuYjZXL3jIs7fY0vSEauRaa7p9m-kl-vtLDS0HN/s640/ab2_004.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
<br /></div>
<div>
After painting some dings and cleaning the sides again, I applied the sideart using the dry method, with the cabinet fully upright. Usually I get someone to help me with this, but my wife was already looking after the kids so I flew solo! </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFR4RWQ0NJbgbNB84e6GwgwAchtyvAy1gy05-4S7VeWqQgp6-bLdGXMKAAmJQuJV5fzEUhwpPwpGQy6QjaxScycjNU3R6wk0oJHdwS05W0pKxt3n1UiiGR6elo1yQ7fuY7lDVW/s1600/ab2_007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="1001" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFR4RWQ0NJbgbNB84e6GwgwAchtyvAy1gy05-4S7VeWqQgp6-bLdGXMKAAmJQuJV5fzEUhwpPwpGQy6QjaxScycjNU3R6wk0oJHdwS05W0pKxt3n1UiiGR6elo1yQ7fuY7lDVW/s640/ab2_007.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRcHZqewfkzQVK3vZjKwaJDUjFCbVj-mqiaPo8PhPy9XEg6qaeRJZ88CM_lmt_mSZG-v5Q7U1pGjMFqBzWt7WraA9lq2-HuDpKd1Isi49RpZtjNYre2nvcWKbpxPe41z7-S1o/s1600/ab2_008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="1001" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZRcHZqewfkzQVK3vZjKwaJDUjFCbVj-mqiaPo8PhPy9XEg6qaeRJZ88CM_lmt_mSZG-v5Q7U1pGjMFqBzWt7WraA9lq2-HuDpKd1Isi49RpZtjNYre2nvcWKbpxPe41z7-S1o/s640/ab2_008.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
And that's it for now. There are still some small jobs to do, but the game is playing great! </div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-49765036832150731352018-07-19T15:50:00.000+01:002018-07-19T15:55:41.440+01:00Why you need to read The Sega Arcade Revolution...<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDa_-W11lIfw3ahuKQeTgjtras0XcVKXceEPr7D-_kiJpx5tT0rtX2848ZkIuBJVLIqpAkaFFDKGGxdbKjcpADrSIzcAmBFDnZJ5_iQAn-kPeQ-8EuJdYIydoEN_x-ipLx-aOy/s1600/sar-cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="350" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDa_-W11lIfw3ahuKQeTgjtras0XcVKXceEPr7D-_kiJpx5tT0rtX2848ZkIuBJVLIqpAkaFFDKGGxdbKjcpADrSIzcAmBFDnZJ5_iQAn-kPeQ-8EuJdYIydoEN_x-ipLx-aOy/s320/sar-cover.jpg" width="224" /></a></div>
<br />
<b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1476672253">The Sega Arcade Revolution</a> is a dream to read</b> - it’s informative without being overwhelming; it’s technical without being dry. The way in which Horowitz weaves Sega’s arcade history through the development backstory of over 60 games is seamless and smart. Whilst some of the content amounts to a beautifully compiled regurgitation of existing interviews and documentation that an ardent Sega fan may have previously read, this is complemented with informative new translations to keep the experience fresh. Overall, this is the simplest way to digest Sega’s sprawling arcade history without referring to an array of disparate sources.<br />
<br />
The choice of games hits all the right notes, highlighting the innovations and limitations of each title, rather than presenting each as a bona-fide classic. I loved the Power Drift backstory which detailed the unorthodox methods employed by the development team. They constructed a physical plaster and paper model of the tracks, which were raced with remote controlled cars. This tested the technical validity of the designs before translating tracks into software.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_MAjH6JLQlmoVM0O0A0jI3snxI0eNxTqZimrCWqUia8VNb0HQx5YZZCZOLm_us8VbAbu_mY9ZGKVTuZt-BMBxa7fnJ50nP84Bk3eHzNRAnjd3YxIjnAjUKo3k0-Qrff03ri4/s1600/sar-inside.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_MAjH6JLQlmoVM0O0A0jI3snxI0eNxTqZimrCWqUia8VNb0HQx5YZZCZOLm_us8VbAbu_mY9ZGKVTuZt-BMBxa7fnJ50nP84Bk3eHzNRAnjd3YxIjnAjUKo3k0-Qrff03ri4/s640/sar-inside.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
If I was to level one criticism at <b><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1476672253">The Sega Arcade Revolution</a></b>, it would be with the supporting imagery. This is mostly limited to dry US flyers, coin-op trade magazine covers and corporate photos. It would have levelled up the experience to see design docs, concept artwork and Japanese promotional imagery closer to the creative process. I’m presuming this was due to licensing limitations and access to the source material. The cover is a particularly odd choice, given so few Sega arcade games use 6 buttons, but it does reinforce the old adage - so don’t judge the book by it!<br />
<br />
A book of this depth and quality is a rare occurrence and I applaud Ken Horowitz for pouring passion into a project that, at times, felt like it was written for me personally rather than for a wider audience. I’d advise anyone with even a passing curiosity about the inner workings of Sega to purchase a copy.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-44978935937082243342018-07-02T17:36:00.002+01:002018-07-03T10:43:33.966+01:00CannonBall Interview [OutRun Week on Scarflix!] <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Youtube channel <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/MrScarflix/videos">Scarflix</a> are hosting a week of awesome OutRun related content!<br />
<br />
There's even an interview with an awkward British guy, talking about CannonBall...<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/OvmJr-nwNx4/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="532" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OvmJr-nwNx4?feature=player_embedded" width="640"></iframe></div>
<br />
<b>Also check out:</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrnzDNCQkRI">Top 5 Things You Didn't Know about OutRun</a></div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-34000117168758119782018-06-12T14:02:00.004+01:002020-09-07T11:00:32.042+01:00The Insanity of Sega Super Circuit (セガスーパーサーキット)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd0DTrYXdLwlsMWTQxaSqYGnD55wBEUbBz-ZB-6fnJGQn72ppqIpTdltt9r2CZ2ybYV86hlKecU_CfkYajV43dFHWSXXQHHFZr-jw8GrR_mgNrDh89J_i1_08h3I3Y6tvvAknA/s1600/overview.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1115" data-original-width="1600" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd0DTrYXdLwlsMWTQxaSqYGnD55wBEUbBz-ZB-6fnJGQn72ppqIpTdltt9r2CZ2ybYV86hlKecU_CfkYajV43dFHWSXXQHHFZr-jw8GrR_mgNrDh89J_i1_08h3I3Y6tvvAknA/s640/overview.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">I’ve always had a strange fascination with Sega Super Circuit (SSC). SSC was conceived and developed by Sega’s <a href="https://segaretro.org/Sega_Mechatronics">Mechatronics R&D department</a>, and it went through a series of iterations between 1987 and 1990. It was a bold attempt to combine multiplayer arcade racing with real world remote controlled cars. Visitors to venues including Sega World, Tokyo could watch up to 6 RC cars whizzing around a track, set in a futuristic city, that when unravelled was 103 metres long. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQhP49M-1N2z6jQ-ISiYZSa2e5rYJ8NkLjaBNIpweu15igzF1qoYnCJX_XETYL6jNUQtxkqXsYWSpwE1lVsQdfJzfJIUv8n_OIwwm1A0TgDQ6R8yggf2d3D8j38tjbjcJKv9Up/s1600/track_layout.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1028" data-original-width="1600" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQhP49M-1N2z6jQ-ISiYZSa2e5rYJ8NkLjaBNIpweu15igzF1qoYnCJX_XETYL6jNUQtxkqXsYWSpwE1lVsQdfJzfJIUv8n_OIwwm1A0TgDQ6R8yggf2d3D8j38tjbjcJKv9Up/s640/track_layout.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The track itself took up a total floorspace width of 20 metres, with each section between 1.5 and 2 metres wide. This was not an attraction that would fit in your typical arcade! </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirr2Tv-byPfIy6yNhgzk7pCM0wTYIwm8OOQUmGs4caZhzH18Sgn9eCdoLq1h2ta3qRAuE0t5B6pjJ5JKFLwcQkkLwNzYq726dQye1wIYv82qUSX7RFlhNenZGdjXpxw8EZZxQS/s1600/cabinets.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="870" data-original-width="1369" height="406" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirr2Tv-byPfIy6yNhgzk7pCM0wTYIwm8OOQUmGs4caZhzH18Sgn9eCdoLq1h2ta3qRAuE0t5B6pjJ5JKFLwcQkkLwNzYq726dQye1wIYv82qUSX7RFlhNenZGdjXpxw8EZZxQS/s640/cabinets.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The 6 participants raced an RC vehicle, controlled from a converted OutRun deluxe cabinet. The 26 inch cabinet monitors relayed video footage from the CCD camera onboard each RC car. The cabinet’s controls were mapped to the RC’s controls, allowing players to steer, accelerate, brake and reverse. The cabinet’s motion would even kick in during collisions and whilst steering. The advertising boasted that the sense of speed was close to 300 km/h when playing. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_1hyphenhyphen6CUF2bcjX4RrsrPCaMoy2OfGDXa1dZFwDY_noo9z_emgOCXWEqeULlfMmIh84eRa1sLXROuTJ_MANLsvsKUcs6W6j4i2LovQXFsIWoc4rQZtODQX5zz0QncYj52dyg4Qp/s1600/rc.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1018" data-original-width="1097" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_1hyphenhyphen6CUF2bcjX4RrsrPCaMoy2OfGDXa1dZFwDY_noo9z_emgOCXWEqeULlfMmIh84eRa1sLXROuTJ_MANLsvsKUcs6W6j4i2LovQXFsIWoc4rQZtODQX5zz0QncYj52dyg4Qp/s320/rc.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The RC cars themselves were relatively compact: 16cm by 35cm and weighing in at 1.9kg including the battery. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">SSC was hosted by a live commentator, with a dedicated team required to keep the attraction running successfully. In many ways the concept has parallels to a modern e-sport competition, with the added advantage of something physical for spectators to enjoy. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVbjmMJfmEgkdHiwbZsMqaDyk6EQILTubnmSrpnya-KYWytXA7Rhon8PwQpn8XXWMgiKsx4bGdlslS1M6cpWTL8ahRDsvDmzz8D3gbkEcOVIxbVLWYS1npoaP-qf_lFgNLWAaA/s1600/laptimes.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="582" data-original-width="826" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVbjmMJfmEgkdHiwbZsMqaDyk6EQILTubnmSrpnya-KYWytXA7Rhon8PwQpn8XXWMgiKsx4bGdlslS1M6cpWTL8ahRDsvDmzz8D3gbkEcOVIxbVLWYS1npoaP-qf_lFgNLWAaA/s640/laptimes.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Best race times, lap times and general champion ranking were displayed in leaderboards by the course. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB_X9j0FSLIawAgO-u9NRSgfBoIEYHJCnib_s_rsxpsqS78COGt7lO7Ygwb4ctwoMj2oYDAnZX0O7VistPtMV3t3ZGhErGRGyCwwb2agwtpsGg_IL3BF7rzq9z4iF4s0I2xeSn/s1600/external_monitors.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="824" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB_X9j0FSLIawAgO-u9NRSgfBoIEYHJCnib_s_rsxpsqS78COGt7lO7Ygwb4ctwoMj2oYDAnZX0O7VistPtMV3t3ZGhErGRGyCwwb2agwtpsGg_IL3BF7rzq9z4iF4s0I2xeSn/s640/external_monitors.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">There was also a bank of 6 external monitors for on board views of the action.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgio_5U_ZL96CO1LC0DQC3hRSp59Kr-4c7frBKuiSMPjDN0rHC1-LjKoLKWLcG0zZKO28K4VI1vgU32IO-P8wHu7-1e7Fe8E5SaG7bMBwZbLkGBWqo3gNr7_uJMFs_MIjZRhmpR/s1600/control_room.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="636" data-original-width="1068" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgio_5U_ZL96CO1LC0DQC3hRSp59Kr-4c7frBKuiSMPjDN0rHC1-LjKoLKWLcG0zZKO28K4VI1vgU32IO-P8wHu7-1e7Fe8E5SaG7bMBwZbLkGBWqo3gNr7_uJMFs_MIjZRhmpR/s640/control_room.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">An operator control room, situated in the middle of the track housed a set of 10 inch screens to monitor the race. From here, it was possible to configure endurance races, (apparently including “Le Mans 24 hours” and “Indianapolis 500”) as well as sprint races. Exactly how these worked is unclear. The races themselves look somewhat chaotic from the surviving video footage. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150725050603/https://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/asaka0704/56823558.html">Reports from those lucky enough to try the exhibit first-hand</a>, claim it was rather difficult to even drive straight! </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAnuLHQL1_5kxOtej9EKWhk9HWJctSM7FApt5P89I5HsSqFtNhVrEkl6yw524m3OgNu78HYgNkTKhgcn5UIlUSLQ-Xc6q-CHhcUxp1Z-8pci9nE654kcB8EzGdBURmuaQVCZH5/s1600/track.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1102" data-original-width="1568" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAnuLHQL1_5kxOtej9EKWhk9HWJctSM7FApt5P89I5HsSqFtNhVrEkl6yw524m3OgNu78HYgNkTKhgcn5UIlUSLQ-Xc6q-CHhcUxp1Z-8pci9nE654kcB8EzGdBURmuaQVCZH5/s640/track.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">What impresses me the most about SSC, is its scale and ambition. It's a manifestation of Sega at the height of their arcade powers. The footage shows that the camera feed from the RC cars is imperfect and prone to breaking up; Sega were clearly pushing the limits of late 80s technology. It must have been a complex operation to run logistically and it’s hard to imagine arcade operators beyond Sega having the space or resources to maintain such a complex attraction. It must have cost a fortune to design, construct and operate.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgon-JbPmKnzceJMgWiAHfoaEW1MlwFgmbeYF3T_QfB17KNX0j0HGZP6rn2AKYULNB5K9f5eOheAj9j4t9y3qeTaUpwK-Ue7gw_-NdgeDaoABjiTgJaWUrQC-EE6d01NHwI0iFV/s1600/track2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="834" data-original-width="1600" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgon-JbPmKnzceJMgWiAHfoaEW1MlwFgmbeYF3T_QfB17KNX0j0HGZP6rn2AKYULNB5K9f5eOheAj9j4t9y3qeTaUpwK-Ue7gw_-NdgeDaoABjiTgJaWUrQC-EE6d01NHwI0iFV/s640/track2.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<b style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></b><br />
<b style="font-family: inherit;">TIMELINE</b><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>July 1987</b> - Sega Super Circuit (then known as ‘Super Game Z’ and a joint venture with Nissan) was first demonstrated at Communication Carnival Yume Koujou '87 [<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gp2omDOo67A">youtube</a>] [<a href="http://www.zimmerit.moe/mach-vision-makoto-kobayashi-dream-factory-87">info</a>]</li>
<li><b>1988</b> - SSC is officially named and demonstrated at the 88 Amusement Machine Show [<a href="https://youtu.be/BWlMgd1y6zM?t=7">youtube</a>]</li>
<li><b>1989 </b>- SSC exhibited at YES '89 (Yokohama Exotic Showcase ’89) [<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XqexeuTP0K0">youtube</a>]</li>
<li><b>1989 </b>- SSC transferred to Sega World, Tokyo Roof</li><li><b>1990</b> - SSC transferred to Sega "Wonder Land" Shiga Pref, on the premises of a shopping centre.</li>
<li><b>1990 </b>- Last known operational date</li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlco2vm1wMqggeJIIHHTSBiAgi-NH18SUwVA_VrTAlyQCx5fZGpjea53p657D0udle8qTP2GkdRoGfvFup38bHHCzeSLsmRYW3TsCqmEJ4oytZeJEcX6e0tNWCMP0g9XIF6nY0/s1600/img_3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="701" data-original-width="1546" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlco2vm1wMqggeJIIHHTSBiAgi-NH18SUwVA_VrTAlyQCx5fZGpjea53p657D0udle8qTP2GkdRoGfvFup38bHHCzeSLsmRYW3TsCqmEJ4oytZeJEcX6e0tNWCMP0g9XIF6nY0/s640/img_3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibrymtnaCLaQ8DrkAPYTUVwS0eyVFOn9JqyM0_-jG3221Hn29RsTTs5wcH5C06e4hAJrLmEjyiKRFr5dQR5qabmRVJshOJYh3UV402ADEXhjNNv7fjcSHUOdxVGdRHZjxBOcdc/s1600/image1.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="297" data-original-width="549" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibrymtnaCLaQ8DrkAPYTUVwS0eyVFOn9JqyM0_-jG3221Hn29RsTTs5wcH5C06e4hAJrLmEjyiKRFr5dQR5qabmRVJshOJYh3UV402ADEXhjNNv7fjcSHUOdxVGdRHZjxBOcdc/s640/image1.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNJ4cgEQDOWMgL7nNHrPX-5wmd4Ab9NpArYTiC_6FwMbgkQcn9GUI-42WWKk55kJxEBzeccQUwo0RQ0_ocUfr7Irx7v8ZjsJBmiaVLWOVZnJvz4dhDWv2fw14d99VkjfkcKNDv/s1600/ssc_front.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="322" data-original-width="546" height="377" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNJ4cgEQDOWMgL7nNHrPX-5wmd4Ab9NpArYTiC_6FwMbgkQcn9GUI-42WWKk55kJxEBzeccQUwo0RQ0_ocUfr7Irx7v8ZjsJBmiaVLWOVZnJvz4dhDWv2fw14d99VkjfkcKNDv/s640/ssc_front.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<b style="font-family: inherit;">OTHER NOTES</b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The configuration of SSC varied dependent on the venue. This included changes to the number of cars on track, through to changes to the track design. The earliest version, <a href="http://sega.wikia.com/wiki/Sega_Super_Circuit">featured different car designs, a minature roller coaster and giant monster prop</a>. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Super Game Z was reportedly a design influence on Sega's 1988 sprite scaling kart racer, Power Drift. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>FLYER SCANS</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
I recently managed to purchase the original flyer for the attraction. It wasn’t easy to find and there were no high quality scans online, and so finally here they are! Please link back to this blog if you make use of them. <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1HwuquoRTPQu-fZ8RONQ-Nt2yGaTGZm88?usp=sharing">High quality versions here</a>.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH5mgra1RMsGFmf9oTCCmiVprq62EuPsHPE_z2_9iw7tKPhCW3PcS9TDZ0njAPMQw1nwWVtEJXhwKN7M_TiJQuTGgyVHJ4MIYHEXuOcjHLipTemidb40LaWIlDf_RSFVCGhpmd/s1600/01_sega_super_circuit_front.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1143" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH5mgra1RMsGFmf9oTCCmiVprq62EuPsHPE_z2_9iw7tKPhCW3PcS9TDZ0njAPMQw1nwWVtEJXhwKN7M_TiJQuTGgyVHJ4MIYHEXuOcjHLipTemidb40LaWIlDf_RSFVCGhpmd/s320/01_sega_super_circuit_front.jpg" width="228" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv2OQyJ83HG_1PgtdEkYS2ii4IhL1Ntw-2wmnNfSwCPWSY5joahmqnD4nks5syk9v19GmyIFVs96Yu6XqaSiZhv5GqKXRhB0icr72l-C3Gi5ev3piZAuzWTDQ1xPSKLcJXpPAj/s1600/02_05_sega_super_circuit_spread.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1132" data-original-width="1600" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv2OQyJ83HG_1PgtdEkYS2ii4IhL1Ntw-2wmnNfSwCPWSY5joahmqnD4nks5syk9v19GmyIFVs96Yu6XqaSiZhv5GqKXRhB0icr72l-C3Gi5ev3piZAuzWTDQ1xPSKLcJXpPAj/s320/02_05_sega_super_circuit_spread.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvYTKrobNIWVg_W2h3HHh7rINT9dr5VKPQSXsnPIRNsHqY7YFUfg4uayzy-_s23cQHhj-ehQ2Hd9P9U922Yrz1DFLw4FRR1keJq8HVDSo2CSr44tf_zTN-2d5CqDBHjKOSQUnD/s1600/06_sega_super_circuit_back.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1140" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvYTKrobNIWVg_W2h3HHh7rINT9dr5VKPQSXsnPIRNsHqY7YFUfg4uayzy-_s23cQHhj-ehQ2Hd9P9U922Yrz1DFLw4FRR1keJq8HVDSo2CSr44tf_zTN-2d5CqDBHjKOSQUnD/s320/06_sega_super_circuit_back.jpg" width="228" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjclWm128J8N16uM0M1TzMTSNSUVHbJdO1sgkwW9usViaFpMvNBXzulwF9At0a9esaMAKI8kdC72oSN93opGGVNdz6qcZgFmZv0k9TdCFp2cT3hCdhsAFEs8_v0MSeAYY087Wd7/s1600/03_04_sega_super_circuit_spread.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1175" data-original-width="1600" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjclWm128J8N16uM0M1TzMTSNSUVHbJdO1sgkwW9usViaFpMvNBXzulwF9At0a9esaMAKI8kdC72oSN93opGGVNdz6qcZgFmZv0k9TdCFp2cT3hCdhsAFEs8_v0MSeAYY087Wd7/s320/03_04_sega_super_circuit_spread.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="font-family: inherit;">OTHER MEDIA</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ_YcpVbjRMGnfNZ31cF7uV_fRi1vSRxMxMhzLOFQW_8GIdXyShsZjmexNWVIT465vXCMesTSOFtFoLEM3sP83BmkTsHj_d7eGcDM-XPiA2Mu5iV_RqmJFtIl1mowB4rYt5kp-/s1600/DmK4I0PUcAA5zjS+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ_YcpVbjRMGnfNZ31cF7uV_fRi1vSRxMxMhzLOFQW_8GIdXyShsZjmexNWVIT465vXCMesTSOFtFoLEM3sP83BmkTsHj_d7eGcDM-XPiA2Mu5iV_RqmJFtIl1mowB4rYt5kp-/s640/DmK4I0PUcAA5zjS+%25282%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></b></div>
</div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-71904462440806695742018-05-22T15:01:00.000+01:002018-08-30T13:39:07.967+01:00Play OutRun on the Nintendo Switch via CannonBall<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>CannonBall </b>was recently ported to the <b>Nintendo Switch</b> console by Modern Vintage Gaming. Hoorah, OutRun everywhere! </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Github Repository <a href="https://github.com/lantus/cannonball-nx">here</a>. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/QU8sKsr6lO4/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="399" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QU8sKsr6lO4?feature=player_embedded" width="480"></iframe></div>
<br /></div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-81231256217525482142018-03-21T14:28:00.004+00:002020-04-29T17:28:13.892+01:00The Space Harrier prototype featuring a Harrier Jet!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
It's common knowledge that Space Harrier was originally intended to feature a harrier jet. However, technical limitations regarding the rotation of the jet sprite meant that this idea was dropped late into development. Recently, some screen captures surfaced from a video showing the prototype machine in action at the Amusement Show in Japan. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The side-art and marquee are different. However, the colour palette and general aesthetic appear similar in the screenshots. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxjwTsgzEDJ661aDC4x9x1l9Zq3m1iI_MeUepmNrLmcI_uL_ciTSfXbrPdgjfkGWvGsYP_BYqV8-qfXDuGsprdeNHYk-TUeHd3ejCg-g_ozxt7jNHyvW3DYad9XUhbixOB8c1f/s1600/DXGef92W0AEbViK.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="720" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxjwTsgzEDJ661aDC4x9x1l9Zq3m1iI_MeUepmNrLmcI_uL_ciTSfXbrPdgjfkGWvGsYP_BYqV8-qfXDuGsprdeNHYk-TUeHd3ejCg-g_ozxt7jNHyvW3DYad9XUhbixOB8c1f/s400/DXGef92W0AEbViK.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCCsmIcA2Vmboc67Fn6wn0yuDvgVZthdIFpKw9tGS5rqrY_jKliKh33azyfHeSpLGMiq824k0Es8rnt3ycvhu9g4AaC9zIpZRtlBWsaGt2sjAhyphenhyphenGPwubQQAP9pZkThIn5TEBRi/s1600/DXJNyAMVoAEa4I_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="320" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCCsmIcA2Vmboc67Fn6wn0yuDvgVZthdIFpKw9tGS5rqrY_jKliKh33azyfHeSpLGMiq824k0Es8rnt3ycvhu9g4AaC9zIpZRtlBWsaGt2sjAhyphenhyphenGPwubQQAP9pZkThIn5TEBRi/s400/DXJNyAMVoAEa4I_.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcVJ_fDkQpRmJlUtvXRfj66N_Lp0W20OJdYkLC4-dFYKRFC6dijnVMzm3wtXH9v223oDynpToZMzFxosnZ9J8A5uADJXPZ_v9SViM2_kBbRDhVE0NjrXz-_0SvrmV5I9KGbLFr/s1600/994563_463312580424317_895780544_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="960" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcVJ_fDkQpRmJlUtvXRfj66N_Lp0W20OJdYkLC4-dFYKRFC6dijnVMzm3wtXH9v223oDynpToZMzFxosnZ9J8A5uADJXPZ_v9SViM2_kBbRDhVE0NjrXz-_0SvrmV5I9KGbLFr/s400/994563_463312580424317_895780544_n.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The above cabinet design is similar to the prototype drawing that appears in <a href="https://segaretro.org/File:Yu_Suzuki_GameWorks_Vol_1_DC_JPN_Book_Compressed.pdf">Yu Suzuki's GameWorks Vol 1</a>.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCtnpyrm-On1KxkCuCSTz_utQQiEG_lUq87fvk7o5Ehcd3pOYkn0vVdZoKq5iOj6aPFks8i8Efki7SmL-j0erCBFmPMdBX69ZdgNl2-v3MMGWTP2hjILJUVCZDJza4eBX83bjG/s1600/sh_prototype_cab.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="759" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCtnpyrm-On1KxkCuCSTz_utQQiEG_lUq87fvk7o5Ehcd3pOYkn0vVdZoKq5iOj6aPFks8i8Efki7SmL-j0erCBFmPMdBX69ZdgNl2-v3MMGWTP2hjILJUVCZDJza4eBX83bjG/s400/sh_prototype_cab.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Of course, it was too late to change all aspects of the design, and Space Harrier still launched with an aircraft inspired control panel. The jet idea was fully realized two years and two hardware cycles later when Sega released the X-Board hardware with AfterBurner. Custom maths hardware, and extra sprite data enabled Yu Suzuki's original vision to be executed competently by this point. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxglXje9MLYwOTTkq4QACvbxDvuDIqftOho_4VxhdH5Wtu9y6qvYGHBAzOR_wCfc1WNOsKLpfjdt60' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Sources: <a href="https://twitter.com/NAOENAMI2001/status/968922492340289536">1</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/NAOENAMI2001/status/968729712766914560">2</a> </div>
<br /></div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5633037.post-55974853629506206862018-02-06T10:27:00.001+00:002020-03-06T15:56:40.054+00:00Build Your Own OutRun Cab: Dorimaga Papercraft Model<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Following on from the Space Harrier model, I've (finally) scanned the the September 2004 issue of Dorimaga magazine.<br />
<br />
This includes Sega History Papercraft Vol 3, a constructable model of the deluxe sitdown OutRun Cabinet. How cool is that?<br />
<br />
If you have any issues in the series, please let me know.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=106ybugV9cQI7BxUpA1lNkKNLKb8bu6h9">High resolution scans here.</a><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDcGlkG7CSsIUcRsuQ6B8CNoLeJzgJ_gKKQSHygRYy2j2V4-WvWhDMBQqU507VkGY4T28bdkayhWM7ahsWSzsec72KxgCkMciQDvemFU0kfOQU2VJfumpubW9lJy2Krw8sTZ8E/s1600/image0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1306" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDcGlkG7CSsIUcRsuQ6B8CNoLeJzgJ_gKKQSHygRYy2j2V4-WvWhDMBQqU507VkGY4T28bdkayhWM7ahsWSzsec72KxgCkMciQDvemFU0kfOQU2VJfumpubW9lJy2Krw8sTZ8E/s640/image0.jpg" width="522" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJeZ7jKLPDa8cUrTx9hIEaHLCYQkQlXMGKFxsY6pPuAOWAzLCbOwWYUMexULWhjsA_uS1G9T23ttsstGXeAJc8dgUStcQ3dVH56SFj4UBJDHlBLi9CwZXEWscqBZkMoFIKv1-Q/s1600/image1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1302" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJeZ7jKLPDa8cUrTx9hIEaHLCYQkQlXMGKFxsY6pPuAOWAzLCbOwWYUMexULWhjsA_uS1G9T23ttsstGXeAJc8dgUStcQ3dVH56SFj4UBJDHlBLi9CwZXEWscqBZkMoFIKv1-Q/s640/image1.jpg" width="520" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1D6sXnHv7mtTob_Cyx8fAvTQdDCHJweY7Cm7205g6hAUMBgjgb0d8hc1pEo-_l_yNY345qykeAF1iZgo-2To9kKYlpMjR13Rv46i2Vq843RmD0_X13S5uNt6JA0a38p0Qs3wj/s1600/image2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1169" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1D6sXnHv7mtTob_Cyx8fAvTQdDCHJweY7Cm7205g6hAUMBgjgb0d8hc1pEo-_l_yNY345qykeAF1iZgo-2To9kKYlpMjR13Rv46i2Vq843RmD0_X13S5uNt6JA0a38p0Qs3wj/s640/image2.jpg" width="466" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMxpLLhz7k1w2Fz_VPSuBoOLjhwRT2kdb13g_c9Jsn-kO0V3Xawa-FunpPY_QEz9p3E3k874z4q6s3tnH6RYBi6Pdpf077wTWM0wVvioexRuwBqp6E2L8e_pKD5NHzrf8-Suac/s1600/image3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1110" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMxpLLhz7k1w2Fz_VPSuBoOLjhwRT2kdb13g_c9Jsn-kO0V3Xawa-FunpPY_QEz9p3E3k874z4q6s3tnH6RYBi6Pdpf077wTWM0wVvioexRuwBqp6E2L8e_pKD5NHzrf8-Suac/s640/image3.jpg" width="442" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhntGnfJz0g4qswvcvruKfhGSeJvjLsy-PH81daUUDBcEA-lqLajC9ZvL5Ahen5EYk67Lwn9_t91aXEYw6traN2SD0E_3gcjK_cLwsga30om3Xk46Xx-f9JT7854kJQWtzBD8GT/s1600/image4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1222" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhntGnfJz0g4qswvcvruKfhGSeJvjLsy-PH81daUUDBcEA-lqLajC9ZvL5Ahen5EYk67Lwn9_t91aXEYw6traN2SD0E_3gcjK_cLwsga30om3Xk46Xx-f9JT7854kJQWtzBD8GT/s640/image4.jpg" width="488" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
ythttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06951854683143825385noreply@blogger.com1